句子成分高一基础课件.ppt

句子成分,大家的问题,1.各成分定义，位置，如何区分，举例。 2.定语从句的诸多问题,句子的基本结构(五种),He arrived .,句子结构,Linda understands French .,He told us the whole story .,Toms father is a professor .,He died a poor man .,He found George intelligent .,一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。,句子的主要成分 句子的次要成分,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,补足语,同位语,（二）主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。 注意:但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：,找找主语，看看是什么词充当的？,1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词country music 做主语 2. We often speak English in class. 代词we 做主语 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词one-third 做主语,4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式to swim做主语 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词smoking 做主语 6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词the rich做主语,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句When we are going to have an English test 做主语 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式,（三）谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语： 由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如： 1.He practices running every morning. practice 做谓语,2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如： 1.You may keep the book for two weeks. may keep 做谓语 2.He has caught a bad cold. has caught 做谓语,（2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. are students 做谓语,（四）表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。,找找表语，看看是什么词充当的,例如： 1. Our teacher of English is an American. 名词American做表语 2. Is it yours? 代词yours做表语 3.The weather has turned cold. 形容词cold做表语 4.The speech is exciting. 分词exciting做表语,5.Three times seven is twenty one? 数词twenty one做表语 6.His job is to teach English. 不定式to teach English做表语 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 动名词playing football做表语,8.The machine must be out of order. 介词短语out of order做表语 9.Time is up. 副词up做表语 10.The class is over. 副词over 做表语 11.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 表语从句做表语,（五）宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： 1. They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. 名词exhibition做宾语 2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 代词me做宾语,3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 数词five做宾语 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 名词化形容词the old 做宾语 5. He pretended not to see me. 不定式短语not to see me做宾语,6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词短语listening to popular music做宾语 7. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语从句（that）he is fit for his office做宾语,宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 例如： Lend me your dictionary, please （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） 例如： They elected him their monitor.,（六）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 例如： 1.His father named him Dongming. 名词Dongming做宾补,2.They painted their boat white. 形容词white做宾补 3.Let the fresh air in. 副词in做宾补 4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. 不定式短语to lend his money to you 做宾补,5.We saw her entering the room. 现在分词entering the room做宾补 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 介词短语in good order做宾补 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 从句what your city is now做宾补,（七）定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： 1.Guilin is a beautiful city. 形容词beautiful做定语 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 分词developing, developed 做定语,3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. 名词women 做定语 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. 代词his 做定语 5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. 不定式短语to enter the classroom做定语,6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. 动名词teaching做定语 7.He is reading an article about how to learn English. 介词短语about how to learn English做定语,（八）状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： 1.Light travels most quickly. 副词及副词性词组most quickly做状语 2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 介词短语for ten years做状语,3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 不定式短语to have passed the national college entrance examination做状语 4. He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语making a model plane 5.Wait a minute. 名词a minute做状语,6.Once you begin, you must continue. 状语从句Once you begin做状语,状语种类如下： 1.How about meeting again at six? at six时间状语 2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. because of the rain原因状语 3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. if it doesnt rain条件状语,4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. on the third floor地点状语 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. with great care方式状语 6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. with a dictionary in her hand伴随状语,7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. In order to catch up with the others目的状语 8.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. that he fell asleep immediately结果状语 9.She works very hard though she is old. though she is old让步状语 10. I am taller than he is. than he is比较状语,练习,一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!,5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.,10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?,15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.,