BS EN 13432-2000 Packaging- Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation- Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging.pdf

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13432:2000 The European Standard EN 13432:2000 has the status of a British Standard ICS 13.030.50; 55.040 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Packaging Ð Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation Ð Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 2000 © BSI 12-2000 ISBN 0 580 36765 7 BS EN 13432:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 13432:2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/4, Packaging and the environment, which has the responsibility to: Ð aid enquirers to understand the text; Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 13432 September 2000 ICS 13.030.99; 55.020 English version Packaging - Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation - Test scheme and evaluation criteria for the final acceptance of packaging Emballage - Exigences relatives aux emballages valorisables par compostage et biodégradation - Programme d'essai et critères d'évaluation de l'acceptation finale des emballages Verpackung - Anforderungen an die Verwertung von Verpackungen durch Kompostierung und biologischen Abbau - Prüfschema und Bewertungskriterien für die Einstufung von Verpackungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2000. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels © 2000 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13432:2000 E Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Page 2 EN 13432:2000 Contents Foreword3 Introduction.4 1Scope 5 2Normative references 5 3Terms and definitions5 4Requirements.6 4.1Control of constituents .6 4.2Assessment7 4.2.1General7 4.2.2Characterization.7 4.2.3Biodegradability.7 4.2.4Disintegration.7 4.2.5Compost quality.7 4.2.6Recognizability.7 4.3Exemptions.7 4.3.1Equivalent form7 4.3.2Materials of natural origin.8 4.4Recording of assessment outcome.8 4.4.1Check list8 4.4.2Supporting documentation.8 4.5Application8 5Organization of a test scheme8 6Laboratory tests on biodegradability 9 7Determination of disintegration9 8Quality of the final compost10 8.1Rationale.10 8.2Determination of negative effect10 Annex A (normative) Evaluation criteria11 Annex B (informative) Flow chart of evaluation of organic recoverability of packaging13 Annex C (informative) Recommended format for a conformity assessment checklist 18 Annex D (informative) Prerequisites and quality of compost for evaluating composting of packaging19 Annex E (normative) Determination of ecotoxic effects to higher plants20 Annex Z (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions.21 Bibliography22 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? Page 3 EN 13432:2000 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packaging“, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex Z, which is an integral part of this standard. This standard forms one of a series of standards and reports prepared under Mandate M 200 rev.3 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association to support the European Council and Parliament Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste 94/62/EC. The procedure for applying this standard in conjunction with the other mandated standards and reports is specified in EN 13427. This standard contains Annexes A and E which are normative and Annexes B, C, D and Z which are informative This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2001. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? Page 4 EN 13432:2000 Introduction The Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) defines requirements for packaging to be considered recoverable. This standard amplifies these requirements with respect to organic recovery. The European Standard EN 13427:2000 provides a framework within which this and four other standards may be used together to support a claim that a packaging is in compliance with the essential requirements for packaging to be placed on the market as required by the Directive. The purpose of packaging is the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of products. Organic recovery of used packaging is one of several recovery options within the overall life cycle of packaging. In order to save resources and minimise waste, the whole system in which the packaging takes part should be optimised. This includes prevention as well as reuse and recovery of packaging waste. This European Standard presents a framework for self-assessment to determine whether the requirements of this standard have been met. Its approach is similar to that of systems standards such as the EN ISO 9000 and EN ISO 14000 series. Organic recovery of packaging and packaging materials, which includes aerobic composting and anaerobic biogasification of packaging in municipal or industrial biological waste treatment facilities is an option for reducing and recycling packaging waste. Using these biological technologies, the aims of the Directive 94/62/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Brussels 5 December 1994) in this respect can be met. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? Page 5 EN 13432:2000 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and procedures to determine the compostability and anaerobic treatability of packaging and packaging materials by addressing four characteristics : 1) biodegradability, 2) disintegration during biological treatment, 3) effect on the biological treatment process and 4) effect on the quality of the resulting compost. In case of a packaging formed by different components, some of which are compostable and some other not, the packaging itself, as a whole is not compostable. However, if the components can be easily separated by hand before disposal, the compostable components can be effectively considered and treated as such, once separated from the non compostable components. This European Standard covers the compostability of packaging itself but does not address regulations that may exist regarding the compostability of any residual contents. This European Standard makes provision for obtaining information on the processing of packaging in controlled waste treatment plants but does not take into account packaging waste which may end up in the environment, through uncontrolled means, i.e. as litter. The essential relationship between this European Standard and the four other (mandated) European Packaging Standards and one (mandated) CEN Report is specified in EN 13427:2000. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 13193:2000, Packaging - Packaging and the environment Terminology. EN 13427:2000, Packaging and the environment - Requirements for the use of European standards in the field of packaging and packaging waste. .ISO 14851 : 1999, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer. ISO 14852 : 1999, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide. ISO 14855 : 1999, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions - Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions and those given in EN 13193:2000 and EN 13427:2000 apply : 3.1 constituent of a packaging material all pure chemical materials and substances of which a packaging material is composed Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? Page 6 EN 13432:2000 3.2 packaging component part of packaging that can be separated by hand or by using simple physical means 3.3 disintegration the physical falling apart into very small fragments of packaging and packaging materials 3.4 ultimate biodegradability breakdown of an organic chemical compound by micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) and new biomass or in the absence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and new biomass 3.5 total dry solids amount of solids obtained by taking a known amount of test material or compost and drying at about 105 °C to constant weight 3.6 volatile solids amount of solids obtained by subtracting the residues of a known amount of test material or compost after incineration at about 550 °C from the total dry solids content of the same sample. The volatile solids content is an indication of the amount of organic matter. 4 Requirements 4.1 Control of constituents Constituents known to be, or expected to become, harmful to the environment during the biological treatment process (see clause 8), in excess of the limits given in Annex A.1, shall not be deliberately introduced into packaging or packaging materials intended to be designated as suitable for organic recovery. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Tue Dec 19 09:47:42 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ? Page 7 EN 13432:2000 4.2 Assessment 4.2.1 General Except as identified in clause 4.3, assessment of the biological treatability of packagings and packaging components shall include the following 5 assessment procedures as a minimum : ? characterization (see 4.2.2) ; ? biodegradability (see 4.2.3) ; ? disintegration including effects on the biological treatment process (see 4.2.4) ; ? compost quality (see 4.2.5) ; ? recognizability (see 4.2.6). 4.2.2 Characterization Each packaging material under investigation shall be identified and characterized prior to testing including at least : ? information on, and identification of, the constituents of the packaging materials ; ? determination of the presence of hazardous substances, e.g. heavy metals ; ? determination of the organic carbon content, total dry solids and volatile solids of the packaging material used for biodegradation and disintegration tests. NOTEIn additio