露天矿边坡开挖过程的变形特征的研究 毕业论文外文翻译.docx

Open pit excavation of the deformation characteristics of the process of researchMine slope stability problem is that our country since the 20th century, the most since the 70's features one of the engineering geological problems. Slope mines usually open in the complex geological environment and has a complex geological structure, it has become mine blasting excavation and slope control in a key engineering and technical problems. Unreasonable as a result of open pit mine design and management of imperfections caused by the movement of rock slope and destruction, a direct impact on mine production and security. According to statistics, have taken place and will be, possible collapse of the mine slope about 80% -90%, slope stability in geotechnical engineering research has become an increasingly important subject.Open-pit slope stability analysis is a complex issue of engineering mechanics, complex and changeable and its influencing factors, different mine has its own geological environment and the occurrence of different conditions, together with the open pit mine slope engineering of its own statute of limitations and deformable and dynamic characteristics of its slope is different from the other slope geological engineering. Slope Stability Analysis of the areas where the need for mining of the actual geological conditions, in the production process has always been on the slope of the excavation by blasting keep a close eye on the impact of changes to study edge. Slope deformation and failure of rock, the more accurate to determine the damage caused by slope instability and deformation,Determine the model (type), as well as the foreseeable changes in the trend of development. Therefore better understanding of the open pit slope engineering geological conditions of the understanding, at the conclusion of the characteristics of open-pit slope slump damage on the basis of the study open-pit mine slope deformation mechanism of destruction slump, sought to undermine the open-pit slope instability dynamic evolution of quantitative, scientific forecasting methods, to the prediction of landslide hazard mines and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment. Important to ensure that open-pit slope stability, open pit mine is an important sustainable development and social significance of engineering significance.Slope deformation and failure characteristics and categorized as follows.Rock slope into the slope in its destruction of the original geological environment, the state of rock slope will make the appropriate adjustments. In the new re-distribution of stress conditions, the slope rock mass will have different degrees of deformation and destruction, above all, deformation, and then when the slope deformation develops to a certain extent, will be gradually developed into the unstable rock slope damage. Rock slope deformation in the rock slope of the body does not appear through the surface is characterized by the destruction, but in the rock slope of the local area, particularly in the rock slope may also appear near the degree of disruption and dislocation, but did not produce from the whole slide damage.Slope deformation in fact the process of its formation has occurred mainly in the initial deformation and creep for the loosening.(1) looseSlope of the initial stage of formation, the Department of rock slope table are often a series of parallel with the slope close to the steep inclination of open fissures, being such a fracture of the rock cutting overhead changed direction to release, move, make the original structure of relaxation, this process and the phenomenon is known as loose. Exist in the slope of this loose body fracture, which can be in focus on the role of stress and residual stress generated under the new, but mostly along the original fracture from steep dump, only a relatively open and no obvious slip, open the extent and distribution of density for the depths of the slope decreased gradually. This loosening of fracture usually have different names,If the bank fissures, rebound fissures, fractures, such as unloading. Slope in a variety of loose fracture often, in practice there is loosening of the development of the slope fracture site, known as the slope with loose, loose slope so the slope with lower body strength, but also make it easier for a variety of stress factors in depth slope, increase the slope of the various stress factors, the level of activity. It is a rock slope accumulation in vivo release of elastic strain energy generated is a slope of the unloading process and the phenomenon of resilience, but also 'is the slope deformation and failure of the initial performance. In this process also includes creep, but the deformation of rock with the constraint that part ofCan be finished and the end of the release. Theory Practice has proved that there is only loose form of slope deformation, the stress-strain relations are stable creep rupture stage or phase of deceleration. This guarantee will not increase the slope of stress and structural strength under the conditions of decline, the deformation will continue to develop the stability of the slope will not change.(2) peristalticRock slope to self-weight stress in the slope-based long-term effect of stress under the direction of the overhead of the slow and continuous deformation, known as the slope of the creep ', which contains some of the local deformation of the breakdown, and generate some new surface rupture of the surface, with the slope of the development of creep relaxation constant. Peristaltic mechanism for the formation of the tablets between rock and soil slide (plastic deformation) or micro-cracks along the fault, or by a series of fissures in the rock due to expansion. Peristalsis in the long-term effects of stress, the rock a slow adjustment of the internal deformation, in fact, is one of rock tends to undermine evolution. Slope of shear stress than the long-term shear strength of rock is low,Creep slope was slow; only when the shear stress values close to or above the long-term shear strength of rock, the slope was accelerated peristalsis until the damage. Therefore, the ultimate rock slope damage or to undergo a short-term or long period of gradual evolution. When the stress of rapid slope slope more than ultimate strength, the damage is sufficient to constitute the connecting surface, slope damage occurs rapidly, loosening and creep deformation of the time is very short; the other hand, if the slope is less than the body of stress and ultimate strength is greater than long-term strength, the slope before the total destruction of a longer period of time to go through the process of relaxation and creep. In addition, the course shouldUndermine the power of a great influence on the slope. Such as when an earthquake, and the pore water pressure suddenly increased when some of the original can not creep obvious signs of loosening and rapid destruction of the slope.Slope form of a lot of damage, such as collapse, landslide, landslide, dumping, such as spalling and collapse flexor, which is the slope failure and landslide damage to the main form. Varies from sector to sector of the division, but can basically be classified into 3 broad categories:(1) failure: This is the destruction of the surface of rock slope stability in the results of the loss, expressed as the surface slope from the mother rock suddenly, and rapid accumulation of the whereabouts of the slope angle, and sometimes accompanied by the rolling and broken rock.(2) dumping: This is because the slope of internal damage to the existence of a group of very steep angle of the structure of face, will be cut into many parallel slope of the block, but rise steeply near the surface of the block slowly bending slope and collapse.(3) Landslide: The damage is in the larger framework of a particular slope along the sliding surface of the slip occurred. The form of landslides, are generally surrounded by the delineation of fracture, sliding surface for the plane or surface, often slippery slide body level, after the landslide may have wall, sliding axial movement in the slip direction of the greatest speed.Landslide slope instability which is the main form of damage, and its most devastating.Slope stability effects of the main factors are: the structure of the discontinuity surface, groundwater, lithology, weathering and erosion, climatic conditions, the time factor and the gradual destruction of the role and structure of residual stress and disturbance factors.露天矿边坡开挖过程的变形特征的研究矿山边坡稳定问题是我国自20世纪70年代至今最具特色的工程地质问题之一。露天矿边坡通常处于复杂的地质环境并具有复杂的地质结构，因此成为矿山爆破开挖及边坡防治中一个关键性的工程技术难题。露天矿山由于设计不合理和管理不完善造成边坡岩体的移动和破坏，直接影响到矿山的生产与安全。据有关部门的统计，已发生和将要、可能发生边坡滑塌的矿山约占80 %-90%，边坡稳定性研究成为岩土工程中日益重要的课题之一。 露天矿边坡稳定性分析是一个复杂的工程力学问题，其影响因素复杂多变，不同的矿山都有其自身的地质环境和不同的赋存条件，再加上露天矿山边坡工程自身的时效性、可变形性和动态的特点，使其有别于其他边坡地质工程边坡。边坡的稳定性分析需要针对矿山所在区域的实际地质情况，在生产的过程始终对边坡受爆破开挖的影响变化给予密切关注，研究边.坡岩体的变形和破坏情况，较为准确的判断引起边坡失稳的破坏和变形，判定出模型(式)以及预见发展的变化趋势。因此加深对露天矿边坡的工程地质条件的认识，在总结露天矿边坡滑塌破坏特征的基础上，研究露天矿边坡变形滑塌破坏的力学机理，寻求对露天矿边坡破坏失稳动态演变过程进行定量的、科学的预测预报方法，给矿山滑坡灾害的预报防治提供理论依据。对于保证露天矿边坡的稳定、露天矿山可持续发展具有重要的工程意义和社会意义。边坡变形破坏的特征及分类如下 岩质边坡成坡后，在其原始地质环境受到破坏后，边坡岩体状态便做出相应的调整。在新的应力重分布条件下，边坡岩体将产生不同程度的变形与破坏，首先是变形，然后当边坡变形发展到一定的程度，将逐步发展为边坡岩体的失稳破坏。岩质边坡的变形以边坡岩体内未出现贯通性的破坏面为特点，但在边坡岩体的局部区域，特别在边坡岩体附近也可能出现一定程度的破裂和错动，但从整体而言并未产生滑动破坏。边坡变形实际上在其形成过程中己发生，在变形初期主要表现为松动和蠕变。（1）松动 边坡形成的初始阶段，边坡岩体表部往往出现一系列与坡面近于平行的陡倾角张开裂隙，被这种裂隙切割的岩体变向临空方向松开，移动，使原有结构松弛，这种过程和现象称为松动。存在于坡体内的这种松动裂隙，可以是在集中应力和剩余应力作用下新产生的，但大多是沿原有的陡倾裂隙发育而成，仅有张开而无明显的相对滑移，张开程度及分布密度由坡面向深处而逐渐减小。这种松动裂隙通常有不同的名称，如岸坡裂隙、回弹裂隙、卸荷裂隙等。边坡中常有各种松动裂隙，实践中把发育有松动裂隙的坡体部位，称为边坡松动带，边坡松动带使坡体强度降低，又使各种应力因素更容易深入坡体，加大坡体内部的各种应力因素的活跃程度。它是边坡岩体内积存的弹性应变能释放而产生的，是一种斜坡卸荷回弹的过程和现象，也是边坡变形和破坏的初始表现。在此过程中也包含蠕变，但这种变形随约束岩体的那部分内能释放完毕而结束。理论实践证明，仅存在松动变形形式的坡体、其应力应变关系处于稳定破裂阶段或减速蠕变阶段。由此在保证坡体应力不会增加和结构强度不下降的条件下，其变形不会继续发展，坡体稳定性不会发生变化。（2）蠕动 边坡岩体在以自重应力为主的坡体应力长期作用下，向临空方向的缓慢而持续的变形，称为边坡的蠕动，这种变形包含某些局部破裂，并产生一些新的表生破裂面，坡体随蠕变的发展而不断松弛。蠕动的形成机理为岩土体的粒间滑动(塑性变形)或沿裂纹微错，或由岩体中的一系列裂隙扩展所致。蠕动是在应力长期作用下，岩体内部一种缓慢的调整形变，实际上是岩体趋于破坏的一个演变过程。坡体中的剪应力比岩体长期抗剪强度低时，斜坡呈减速蠕动;只有当剪应力值接近或超过岩体长期抗剪强度时，斜坡呈加速蠕动，直至破坏。所以岩坡的最终破坏要经历一个或短暂，或漫长的渐变演化过程。当迅速出现坡体应力超过坡体极限强度时，足以构成贯通性破坏面，斜坡破坏便迅速发生，松动及蠕变变形的时间是极短暂;反之，若坡体内应力小于极限强度而大于长期强度时，斜坡破坏前总要经过一段较长时间的松动及蠕动过程。此外，自然应力对斜坡的破坏影响很大。如当地震力、孔隙水压力等突然加大时，可使一些原来并未明显松动及有蠕变迹象的斜坡产生急剧破坏。边坡的破坏形式很多，如崩塌、滑坡、塌滑、倾倒、剥落及溃屈等，其中崩塌与滑坡是边坡破坏的主要形式。不同的行业有不同的划分，但基本上可划分为3大类:(1)崩塌:这种破坏是边坡的表层岩体丧失稳定的结果，表现为坡面表层岩体突然脱离母体，迅速下落并堆积于坡角，有时还伴随着岩体的翻滚和破碎。(2)倾倒:这种破坏是因为边坡内部存在一组倾角很陡的结构面，将边坡岩体切割成许多平行的块体，而临近坡面的陡立块体缓慢地向坡外弯曲和倒塌。(3)滑坡:这种破坏是在较大范围内边坡沿某一特定的滑面发生的滑移。滑坡的形态，一般是四周被裂隙所圈定，滑面为平面或曲面，滑体上往往有滑坡台阶，滑坡后壁上可能有擦痕，滑动轴向在滑体运动速度最大的方向上。 其中滑坡是边坡失稳破坏的主要形式，并且其破坏性最大。影响边坡工程稳定性的主要因素有：结构面的不连续性，地下水，岩性、风化作用和侵蚀作用，气候条件，时间因素和渐进破坏，构造作用和残余应力，扰动因素。8