(二)高考代词及练习,DOC.pdf

欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 第二章 代词 用来代替名词、 名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为： 人称代词、 指示代词、 疑问代词、 反身代词和不定代词等。 高考重点要求： 1、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词的基本用法 2、定代词的指代含义以及数的情况 3、it 的基本用法 第一节知识点概述 一 、 人称 代 词 1人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。 2第三人称的人称代词分阳性he（him），阴性 she（her）和中性 it（it），复数和宾语形式都只 有一个形式 they 和 them，不分性别。 3选用什么人称代词，取决于所要代替的名词。在数和性上要与所代替的名词保持一致。 二 、 物主 代 词 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。形容词性物 主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”， 相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。 物主代词的用法： （1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如： His pencil box is on the desk. This is our school. （2）名词性物主代词作名词用，本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不 可再加名词。 作主语： Richard s school bag is blue and mine is black. 理查德的书包是蓝色的，我的书包是黑色的。 （mine=my school bag） 作表语： It s his. 这是他的（东西）。 作宾语： He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典，你可以借我的。（作及 物动词的宾语） “of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 ·注意： 试比较下面两句句子： This is a photo of mine. 这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，但不一定照的是我本人） This is a photo of me. 这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人） 三 、 反身 代 词 欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系。通常在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。 四 、 指示 代 词 （一）指示代词是具有指示概念的代词 this这；that那；these 这些；those那些；such如此的；same同样的 （二）指示代词的用法 （1）this、 that、 these 、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 （2）such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such “这样的 ” ，such a 这样一个， such as 像这样 的。 （3）same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。 例如： 1）That is our English teacher. （主语） 2）This storybook is thicker than that one. ( 定语) 3）I prefer this (these) to that (those). （宾语） 4）What he likes best is this/that. (表语) 5）I have never read such an exciting book. （定语） 6）I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定语) 7）Such is our trip plan. (主语) （指上文提到过或刚说过的内容）。 8）She wants the book and I want the same. (宾语) 9）We were born on the same day. (定语) ·注意： 1）this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与here 连用； that、 those 指空间上 离说话人较远的人或物，可以与there 连用。 2）打电话或其他场合，本人这一方用this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。 3）such 作定语时，如名词前有不定冠词，应把such置于不定冠词之前。 4）在 same 之前必须加冠词the 。 五 、 疑问 代 词 1Who 用于询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 用于询问别人职业。 2Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重于哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重于种类。 3Whose 用于明确所有者。 hom 在口语中，多为who 代替。 六 、 不定 代 词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。常见的不定代词有 all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有 some-, any-, no-等的合成代词（如： anybody, something, no one ）。这些不定代词大多可以代替名词，在 句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。但none和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词（如 somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语。而every 和 no 只能作定语。 七 、 it 的 用 法 （一）作无人称代词 1. 指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如： It rains continually in the south in June. It is a half hours walk to the factory. 欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 2. 指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如： Where is my notebook? It was here just now. There is air all around us, but we cannot see it. 3. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。例如： The baby cried because it was hungry. Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? （二）用作强调句，构成强调结构 句型结构： It is(was)+强调部分 +that。例如： It was last night that they left for H.K. It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday. （三） it 作形式主语和形式宾语 it 作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡，而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如： I found it interesting to study English. It is of great help to master a foreign language. 第二节实战演练 一 、 复 习 时 需 注 意 的 要 点 1.不定代词可作主语，当作主语时，要明确这一不定代词究竟是单数还是复数，以确定它和谓语动 词在人和数的一致。 2.不定代词还可作定语。当作定语时，应该注意其所修饰的名词是可数还是不可数，以确定这个名 词用单数还是复数。 例:Much has been done to fight pollution；each of them has got a present. 3.many, few 和 both用于可数名词，表示复数概念。 4.All, both 和 each和含有 every的复合代词用在否定句中只表示部分否定。 例：Not all the students have been to the Austrlia. She can t work out both of the difficult problems. Everybody cannot work out the problem. 5.Neither,none和含有 no 的复合代词表示全部否定。 例:None of us can answer the question. Neither of the questions is right. 二 、 历 届 高 考 试 题 分 析 例 1、No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _. A. others B. the other C. either D. another 答案： B 【解析】根据上文 neither的提示可以看出所指的应该是两者中的另外一个，所以用the other。 这句的意思是：贸易谈判没有取得进展，因为双方都不愿意接受对方的条件。 例 2、Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for_ two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. other's 答案为 A。 【解析】another意为“又一，再一”，后面如接two, three等数词或 few 等时，可与复数形式 连用，我们可以把two weeks看作一个整体，在原来的基础上再待两星期。而other，the other 用于两者之间的另一个，other's是 other 的所有格形式，故B、C、D 都不可选。 例 3、The Parkers bought a new house but_ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 答案为 B。 【解析】it 指代前面提到的单数名词。指同一个事物，此句中指a new house ；而 one指“同名 异物”；which 引导定语从句，但题干中有连词but，并非主从句， which 不妥；A 为复数，更易 排除。 例 4、In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 答案为 D。 【解析】it 在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match 。由 于空格出现在 fact 的后面，所以一些考生把它当成了同位语从句，而选了 that。而实际上，in fact 是介词短语作状语， 后不能接同位语从句。 译文：实际上，在一次重大的足球赛中， 对警察来说， 维持秩序是一项很难的工作。 例 5、Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _? A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest 答案为 D。 【解析】wheat是不可数名词，不能用others代替。the rest既可代可数名词，也可代不可数名 词，此处指 the rest of the wheat 。 例 6、If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be? A. what else B. who else C. which elses D. who elses 答案为 D。 【解析】考查关系代词所有格的用法。who else “其他什么人”，用于主格，宾格。who else's “其他什么人”，用于所有格。 例 7、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _. A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white 答案为 C。 【解析】木板一般只有两面，把一面染成黄色的；另一面染成白色的，考查onethe other结 构，由此排除 B、D；原句结构为“ the other(should be painted)white ，为避免重复可省略。 例 8、He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This 答案为 A。 【解析】用 that 指代上文提到的事，避免了重复；it 指代时间。 例 9、Your coffee smells great! It's from Mexico. Would you like_? A. it B. some C. this D. little 答案为 B。 【解析】some相当于 some of this coffee. 例 10、Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. some B. any C. that D. those 答案为 C。 【解析】这句话的意思是 “在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能和饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比。”that 在句子中代表 the pleasure 。一些考生只注意到Few pleasures是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是 饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填了those。注意：使用代词时一定要弄清楚指代关系。 第三节巩固练习 欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A、 B、 C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence. 1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 2. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will _. A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else 3. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 5. I got the story from Tom and _ people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 6. You can eat food free in my restaurant _ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however 7. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _ couldnt spare me even one minute. A. they B. one C. who D. it 8. One weeks time has been wasted. I can t believe we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 9. If you run after two hares, you will catch _. A. none B. neither C. nothing D. no one 10. She doesnt know anyone here. She has got _ to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. on one 11. I have done much of the work . Could you please finish in two days ? Athe rest Bthe other Canother Dthe others 12. Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _ way as you please. AEach BEvery CAny DEither 13. You must never think that you are good at _while others are good at _ A. everything something else B. everythingnothing C. allnone D. nothing all 14. Do you like _ here? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 15. That' s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _ he' s done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that 16. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both 17. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. ” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 18. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What 19. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _ . A. him and her? B. his and hers C. his and her? D. him and hers 20. My mother opened _of the drawers in turn , trying to decide what he was going to put in _of them . 欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 A. everyeach B. everyone every C. every one everyone D. each each 21. He was nearly drowned once. When was _ ? _was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A. thatIt B. thisThis C. thisIt D. that. This 22. You're always working. Come on. Let's go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping. A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That 23. Do you want tea or coffee? _. I really don't mind. A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither 24. Some students will remember these terms as the most successful _in the history of our school. A. ones B. ones C. one D. one s 25. This new rule may please some, but we dont expect it to please _. A. more B. other C. all D. any 26. No agreement was reached during the peace talk as neither side would give way to _ A. another B. other C. the other D. any other 27. _ who laughs last laughs best. A. He B. One C. That D. Those 28. Children should be taught how to get along with _ A. another B. other C. others D. an other 29. These plants are watered _. A. each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days 30. Would you like some wine? Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit 31. Tom s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help A. he B. which C. she D. it 32. Is your camera like Bills andAnns ? No, but its almost the same as _. A. her B. yours C. them D. their 33. Have you finished your report yet? No, I ll finish in _ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less 34. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _. A. it B. those C. them D. one 35. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 36. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read _ stories by writers from _ countries. A. some any B. othersome C. some other D. otherother 37. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 38. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? I m afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any 欢迎阅读 欢迎阅读 39. If you want to change for a double room you ll have to pay _$15. A. another B. other C. more D. each 40. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which 41. My brothers handwriting is better than _in his class. A. anyone else B. anyone elses C. anyone s else D. anyone s else s 42. Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses. A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither 43. Both teams were in hard training, _ was willing to lose the game. A. either B. neither C. another D. the other 44. His camera is more expensive than _. A. hers B. her C. it D. its 45. _ of my classmates could work out the maths problem because it was too difficult. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None 46. _ have worked together for 10 years. A. I, you and he B. I, he and you C. He, your and I D. You, he and I 47. The machines made in China are as good as _ imported from abroad. A. they B. those C. these D. ones 48. Listen to _. There should be no error, no delay, and no waste. A. that B. this C. those D. these 49. _ of them promised to help me. A. Every one B. Everyone C. Every D. Everybody 50. She thought _ a great honour to be invited to speak to us. A. that B. this C. it D. it is 第二章代词 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. A 50.