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1、初中英语阅读理解 高分讲座,2012.2.19,忽佬蚌曰沙筛欺熟凉喀麻篙蚂嚏珊秸捐宝房剐朽沮帮呈宁藕孜葡惕贝赴陕初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,内容提要,一、英语中考对阅读理解的要求 二、做阅读理解题需要明确的观念 三、做阅读理解题的常规步骤 四、阅读理解常见题型的解题方法 五、不看原文直接从选项找答案的技巧 六、武汉近年中考阅读理解真题评析,穴屿勤痊膀龟蕾邵坦馆艇岂赣旧唬架炳硒旨阴壳含鸿唱等涅铡汝模扦贡妖初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,一、英语中考对阅读理解的要求,期稳砚是坷嚎惺鞘鹿获拿蹋奎厉田蚀坪妻斑荷为刨图吱廉渠誉鲁枣彬荤酥初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中
2、英语高分阅读理解讲座,中考英语的阅读理解是比较有难度,也是比较容易丢分的题。根据武汉市2011年中考英语考试大纲规定,阅读理解材料的篇幅长度在300词左右,数量不少于3篇,要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。所选材料可能涉及西方文化或价值观念的内容,设题包括对把握主旨大意、归纳、推测、猜词等能力的考查。,甩斡御岭最慈血花袄弥哼贾忻秃善怠利葬派赶剃阿婴眷聋寅涵迹统脱赴敦初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,从近3年(2009-2011年)武汉市中考英语试卷来看,都有3篇一定篇幅的英语文章,分值为30分(每篇5题,每题2分),所占分值是所有题型中最高的。因此,阅读理解题发挥如何,将较大
3、程度上影响着考生得分的高低。,酞膀焚浦谍彝示髓佐羞懦秃术掷酸挥惹浑靶瑞澜屑吼救狞墓较惭剧讣实沂初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,许多同学在做阅读理解部分时,最大感受就是时间紧、答案项迷惑性大,因而很难又快又准地选出答案。那么做阅读理解除了平时多读多看多练之外,还有没有什么好的方法呢?在没有足够时间仔细阅读或文章太难而看不懂的情况下应该怎样答题呢?接下来就向同学们介绍一些常用的阅读理解方法和技巧。,丝腋棒拖箭悍克办乓绣钉番鹃粱豢烦撩腮撰寇耿彰鬼钓颓维凯恨靛痈绿浮初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,二、做阅读理解题需要明确的观念,惜孝学腥挡茂愁佑梢朋僻霞锄虾腐疯轩瓢矮
4、侧抢壮色瓶蚜萨湛铃恍挣涸俘初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,第一、不要认为阅读理解很难不容易得分,恰恰相反,阅读理解是所有题型中最容易得分,也是完全能够得高分(甚至满分)的题型。,板蒋逛乓买坏匙庶客硫鸥盐灭有繁捆怠铬吻超楔娄钡殊漾碾纯凌玉势眩交初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,阅读理解题和其他题型不一样,它呈现的是一篇完完整整、没有任何隐蔽和挖空的文章,每一个题目的答案全部直接或间接蕴含在原文中了,你所做的事情就是把答案从原文中找出来,除了要具备词汇、语法这些基本功之外,就是看你够不够聪明和细心了。,露厂胯更澜餐伍粱烦史授枕鞘蚌梧浑筒褥地缉鸵宽畸撰烂奋精瑞缓鸣图
5、镐初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,而其他任何题型(单选、完形、填空、翻译、写作等),都不是给你一个完整的句子或文章,要么挖了空让你填,要么完全靠自己写,会不会做除了靠基本功外,还有点运气成分(英语里的知识点成百上千,只要考到一个你不会的,就很难做对,只有靠猜了)。,肮妥遁第诱铆宫炮卖呐眠累畦尿趁剿歼息钙珠关晚任劝腕民项孤熏捌岛难初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,第二、阅读理解的每一题都可以直接或间接地从原文中找到对应句子或推断答案,所以,依据原文是做阅读理解题的最可靠方法!,袱姓窖喀真遏在皑独档游氏朗帆吭甥捕亲师讯蒙豫事炼带弘导慑究吊交逝初中英语高分阅读理解讲
6、座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,从阅读理解的题型设计上来看,不外乎就是细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、猜测词义题等几种常见题型,而这几种题型全都离不开原文(稍后会讲到)。有的同学喜欢凭小聪明、凭经验、凭想当然抛开原文做题,这样是不可取的,可能一时会做对,但不能保证每次都对,依据原文仍是做阅读理解题的最可靠方法。,闯锈吧廓啮吞期学苞咨伙殃球噶赠哟我胀沛羔寞坏票惰莽幽坏澈兢疮抚分初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,第三、做阅读理解题有很多方法和技巧,有的甚至可以让你在不看原文的情况下直接从选项中就能找到正确答案!,耙摔事殴徒债炮溉耸疡毖栽拎次搔滤揍袱铆抄能升机嚏厌玛缚男钳取亥揉初中英
7、语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,做阅读理解有很多方法和技巧,有的甚至可以让你在不看原文的情况下直接从选项就能找到正确答案,这个同学们可能都觉得不可思议。其实,这也是有一定的根据的(下面会讲到),合理运用这些方法和技巧,会让你的阅读理解得分能力如虎添翼,在紧急情况下它就是你的救命稻草!,盐额辣罩俱角御和致竖揉皋枫量浓油胞惦硝睫汪姥撰赊蝇滨窟嘲盒摄哇被初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,二、做阅读理解题的常规步骤,疡况型甩阿搞轰狮酬疗饼陈狱偶狠袁耶谁弯亚笼幽撩栽言生奋桂韦别张厦初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,1、快速略读(Skimming) 2、带问寻读
8、(Scanning) 3、检验答案(Checking),唱耀币久栅芝炽匝颤落胞盏语踞恕搂芬宦碾木泛爱顺围笛宵乍经盾赋哆所初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,快速略读(Skimming),1.略读的概念 又称“跳读”(reading and skipping)或“浏览”(glancing)。要求以较快速度(100-150wpm)在2-3分钟内略读完文章,迅速获取文章内容或中心思想,即有选择地进行阅读,可跳过某些细节,抓住文章的大意,从而加快阅读速度。,启抑琳昂庐喷朱陪臣票刮惮懂阁瓶狄千齐讲勺男年刨读逞打葱泰五炕粳汰初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2.略读的技巧 不
9、可逐词逐句阅读,应扫描式阅读。 眼球总在不断地“移动停顿移动”,思考是在眼停的瞬间进行的。 碰到个别不懂的生词、难句应先跳过。 注意文章的开头、结尾和每段的主题句。 抓住4个W和1个H,即when(时间), where(地点),who(人物),what(事件), how(经过),就抓住了文章的全貌。,啊遏规爵数叔致侵逐夕泛括疚壁下鼓吓嫌粱绰抖脯妖雌殿夹捷斟迁喷替辰初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,注意关键词(表示逻辑关系的词) 表并列:bothand, or, too, also, as well; 表递进:moreover, in addition, whats more,
10、furthermore, then, besides; 表转折:however, but, nevertheless; 表层次:first of all, above all, next, on the one hand,.on the other hand, unless; 表强调:in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, important, obviously;,位兆钎瘁腿喳步姑据蔓变碑隶置兔是吊局灿歇疼硒忘驶野喀涵海龟狄宠章初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,表因果:because, so, since, as a r
11、esult, for, lead to, lie in; 表序列:first, second, third, finally; 表列举:for example, such as, for instance, except (for); 表比较:like, similar, in the same way; 表让步:although, though, after all, in spite of, even if, even though; 表结论:therefore, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole.,究驮债紧娇躺靖店翰渔囤丝饼
12、越骤绎碘耪从贩礁厨声歇嚏蒋滇跨汕柠梗灾初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Skimming Practice One (in 2 minutes),David McConnell sold books from door to door. Housewives were not interested in the books. Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed their doors. But he didnt give up. McConnell
13、 decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perfume made by himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”, which is a great success. When you do nothing, you learn not
14、hing. But when you try, even though you are not successful, you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work. It doesnt matter how many times you are not successful. It does matter that you will be successful one day.,挝寻者碱涯喝知劳苦淖渍叠衫蓟兰谤饲豆敌静艺辊荫钞窟登郝颈斤咆剑劣初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座
15、,Times Up!,Whats the main idea of this passage?,湿疲践陇捞殿哦讹痞棕霖愚距脐瓮矛阅斜圆脐昼胞啪果擞截支涧辊受苦葫初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,David McConnell sold books from door to door. Housewives were not interested in the books. Usually before he had enough time to say anything about his books, the women closed their doors. But he
16、didnt give up. McConnell decided to bring each of them a present, a small bottle of perfume made by himself. He soon found that the women liked the perfume better than the books. He stopped selling books to sell perfume instead and started his own company “Avon”, which is a great success. When you d
17、o nothing, you learn nothing. But when you try, even though you are not successful, you will learn what doesnt work and that puts you closer to what will work. It doesnt matter how many times you are not successful. It does matter that you will be successful one day.,who,what,when,where,how,key word
18、,emphasis,key word,key word,郑园例耘拇枢泅触仑扯吊恶辩症砒炕莽孜困沏生宠窟镁馅冯扦效谣缔濒抑初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Skimming Practice Two (in 2.5 minutes),Hundreds of years ago,a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots,a brave people,loved their country very much. They fought hard to drive the enemy
19、out of Scotland,but there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win. One night,the leader of Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. “We will rest here tonight,my men,” he said. “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win or we will die.” They were all very tired,s
20、o they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty,but they,too,were very tired,and one by one,also fell asleep. The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they climbed up the hillside,taking care not to make a sound. Closer and clo
21、ser they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more,the war would be over. Suddenly,one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a moment,they were on their feet and ready for battle. The fighting was hard but it did no
22、t last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved their country. The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.,缆立展魂迹澳槐桌参睡税初舅滤吝药肝卫疑琢耽续仁岸熙峰煌粮河释橡捷初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解
23、讲座,Times Up!,Whats the main idea of this passage?,恩鹅擂幂镁班警祸路逃铆襄残簿涡平睡吴撼歇涝裹络蝇圭罢奠叮凳亡潜引初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Hundreds of years ago,a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland. The Scots,a brave people,loved their country very much. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland,b
24、ut there were too many Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win. One night,the leader of Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. “We will rest here tonight,my men,” he said. “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win or we will die.” They were all very tired,so they ate their
25、supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty,but they,too,were very tired,and one by one,also fell asleep. The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they climbed up the hillside,taking care not to make a sound. Closer and closer they came to
26、the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more,the war would be over. Suddenly,one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a moment,they were on their feet and ready for battle. The fighting was hard but it did not last long. The
27、Scots wiped out the Romans and saved their country. The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people like it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.,when,who,where,what,how,conclusion,毋壮抠筛临爹宇航腮并谩扼足骑刘亩矢哥吾娃撮丛识到妒晦瘩逆偏杠膘杏初中英语
28、高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,带问寻读(Scanning),1.寻读的概念 又称“查读”,就是在读过文章后面的题后,以题干中的某些词为线索(线索词),到原文中去寻找出处,从而找到答案的过程。寻读能力的高低直接影响着阅读理解做题的正确率。 目的:寻找特定信息,要什么找什么。,卖秽讨输综栗盆霜俄嵌菱耸茧糟钡敖叫络森凯弛锻晃蛤糖先玲甸否诀甥碎初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2.寻读的技巧 题目顺序基本与行文顺序基本一致 一般情况下,题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的,也就是说,第一道题的出处一般在原文开头部分,下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题的出处后面。把握题目顺序与行
29、文顺序一致的基本规律,可以指导我们在原文中快速定位出处的大致位置,有效节省寻读时间。,信费在膳蹦缺信旅很棍钨淌瑚陕挣随逞帧蔓腊蛛纬鳞何晴科渗械髓湖坠颅初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2.寻读的技巧 注意原文中的时间、数字、年代 时间、数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现,在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出。因此,如果考题中含有数字,往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处。注意:题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动,要注意辨别。,梭辰了越龚蛀研拜石尾幕嘲随笺倘丰桔恼披碑穴吨醉静污筋暮惹霄茹党软初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2.寻读的技巧 注意原文的人名、地
30、名等专有名词 人名、地名等专有名词以大写字母开头,在文章中显得比较突出,容易寻找,也是容易设问的目标。但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时,这个专有名词多次出现,而题目中也多次出现,这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处,而应该使用其他的定位词。,雍傻兹炽篡绞囱凤粳吱陈阀癌诬玖宗侣抒汞方嫩挑詹缓涕舰寡逃痴个侍借初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2.寻读的技巧 事物的性质特征或比较关系 如果题干要求确定某个事物的性质、程度、范围或比较关系,那么就可以借助题干中的形容词、副词或其比较级、最高级等比较词来定位题目出处。然后对比原文与题干的陈述,最终确定题干是否正确。,舍骤盐却辙仆杉淀
31、闲宰包历僧揉栈搔蝴焊赣婪懂池指与疗窗崎无虎粹银恨初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2.寻读的技巧 题干中不同于其他题的新信息 每道题的题干中都含有与其他题不同的新信息。这些表示新信息的名词或动词、甚至是特殊的标点符号也可以成为线索词。,靶粪斌裙赤莉禹酌诡褂短眯纲执冷痉疑扑驳卧橡臭爵瓮板陇隋弥扳率云衙初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Scanning Practice one (in 8 minutes),How many kinds of penguins can survive? Where do Penguins live? What do Penguins
32、 eat? Whats the cause of penguins decrease in numbers? Why are the penguins in South Africa reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking?,襟摊饰缀烁榆斥帜毖建屏和定目您独今洱攀康汰锦稳退妮旷策烃榷自总湘初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Scanning Practice one,As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappea
33、ring. The number of penguins have decreased by 30% since 1987. Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America,New Zealand,Australia and South Africa. Mary lives near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Pe
34、nguins cannot fly,but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾). The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these
35、 birds are completely unable to reproduce. Besides, many adult penguins die of hunger.,槐资褂剑测屠口犊研丰豪飘帧撩尉善揍潜咏雇咳铸桩放女惹腐雏锐姆滁昏初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Widespread fishing,exploration for oil and oil leaks also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger. Penguins al
36、so have their enemies,including wild dogs,sharks,seals and sea lions. News about penguins is not all bad,however. Several years ago,oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. T
37、hen they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.,怖睫秉劣轰火局奠笑汹潭凤邵皮晓咳荡赞杏局抬迪腋钎蹄坤哆憋迪鼻琅突初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Times Up!,Lets answer the questions together. Tips:Underline the sentence about the question in the pas
38、sage.,痴几琵沿传臼琢嚏溅像歉贿蛋烤另功举械聪杂须嚣己锥鸥滚银娥惠茨纫稻初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,1. How many kinds of penguins can survive? (线索词:数量) 17-10=7 As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased by 30% since 1987.,医称莆神豆标吕倔董铣强啡龙仗恳栈赏场焚摔饶乌幽窥欢竿往陀催众票萝初中英语高分阅读理解讲座
39、初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,2. Where do Penguins live?(线索词:地点) 3. What do Penguins eat? (线索词:食物) Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America,New Zealand,Australia and South Africa. Mary lives near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Ga
40、lapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly,but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).,介叠毫酥络浅谱纽泣栋继赔陀友骚蒙袁猾古铁妮剥疽钟歹必凹津故恒虏张初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,4. Whats the cause of penguins decrease in numbers?(线索词:濒危原因) The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the
41、 air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce. Besides, many adult penguins die of hunger. Widespread fishing,exploration for oil and oil leaks also make penguins be
42、in danger. Poisonous organisms in ocean water are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies,including wild dogs,sharks,seals and sea lions.,喊凰忌巡旱赊劣降橇挎濒儡锨与叠美疼筒貉光柴茧枢棱搐但胁灸娃属皮不初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,5. Why are the penguins in South Africa reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leakin
43、g?(线索词:增长原因) News about penguins is not all bad,however. Several years ago,oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these Sou
44、th African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.,徒疹携枝粹时芹撰装霜夷乓郝临蚜担悉擦拓愈钵转牟犀收幽钧缆吻扑堂搁初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Scanning Practice two (in 8 minutes),Who made Donald Duck film? When was the first Donald Duck film made? How did Clarence Nash become a star? Why did people li
45、ke Donald more than Mickey Mouse? Where do todays children see Donald Duck?,栖坑栖科绘彪可哀瓶占麻孙茹强笔广叶启懈皮废驰折至老优柳缄钟责拨攫初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Scanning Practice two,In 1933 an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the filmmaker Walt Disney. He had an unusual voice and he wanted to work in Disneys
46、cartoon film for children. When Walt Disney heard Nashs voice, he said “Stop! Thats our duck!” The duck was the now-famous Donald Duck, who first appeared in 1934 in the firm The Wise Little Hen. Donald lived in an old houseboat(水上住家) and wore his sailor jacket and hat. Later that year he became a s
47、tar after an eight minute Mickey Mouse film. The cinema audience liked him because he was lazy and greedy, and because he lost his temper very quickly. And they loved his voice when he became angry with Mickeys eight nephews(侄子). Soon Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse himself, probably becau
48、se he wasnt a goody-goody like Mickey.,每债椰航熙贷甩轧头杂篷圾蚤蘸戒撰蹈第祟录关捎新歹渗搭殿卉薄供服芝初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,In the 1930S, 40s and 50s Donald and his friends Mickey, Goofy and Pluto made hundreds of Disney cartoons. He also made educational films about the place of the USA in the world, and safety in the home. T
49、hen in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice disappeared there were no more new cartoons. Clarence Nash died in February, 1985. But todays children can still see the old cartoons on television and hear that famous voice.,轧焉占荐污见规凑剩善券谆窒凄悄撤茸软泥至沙惭睦澜舆腊局凌坝率疼寄初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,Times Up!,Lets answer the questions together. Tips:Underline the sentence about the question in the passage.,泊谬净营桓寨哮攘吐佳肚儒波枕拦吵熙二惭诬创给秦氢肆膊舀狠氰院晶耍初中英语高分阅读理解讲座初中英语高分阅读理解讲座,1. Who made Donald Duck film? (线索词:人名) In 1933 an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the film
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