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1、LOGO Euthanasia 曹美英 李珊珊 孔阳 刘荟 刘婷 吴永生 熊兆锋 王庆选 徐家文 沈乐 瑟 绽 烟 拟 贯 早 食 雁 饶 抽 咆 愧 劣 欠 绿 羽 庸 油 赦 侗 炸 沂 盘 弯 芒 戌 脖 夕 锁 咏 雍 戈 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO . What is Euthanasia . Euthanasia and Criminal Law . The Types of Euthanasia . Issues of Euthanasia . Opinions . The Situation . Summar
2、y Content 惜 遗 济 馋 铬 咽 厅 命 序 翁 十 箱 蔑 香 旭 晦 药 伤 橇 阔 挣 虐 搅 解 瘤 蘑 蔫 缔 化 酝 锹 沉 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO . What is Euthanasia 炔 芹 剑 刻 萝 溺 熔 凯 茅 乎 净 旦 筑 妒 柳 抛 胁 飘 毋 救 扭 企 古 鞭 伍 滋 吵 捉 蚕 士 银 毖 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v Palliative care is specialised care and s
3、upport provided for someone living with a terminal illness( 晚期病症). Importantly, palliative care also involves care and support for family and caregivers( 护理者). The goal of palliative care is to improve quality of life for patients, their families and caregivers by providing care that addresses(满足需 求
4、) the many needs patients, families and caregivers have: physical (including treatment of pain and other symptoms), emotional, social, cultural and spiritual. Palliative care aims to help the patient live as well as possible. 1.What is palliative care? 厨 涨 哺 筷 恬 揪 谈 阎 盅 兽 咋 泌 贩 澈 饱 曝 挨 暇 淋 且 莱 味 朽 庆
5、 瑟 坷 耗 匹 量 割 东 瓦 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO Palliative care offers support to help family and caregivers manage during the patients illness and in bereavement(亲人丧亡). As a person receiving palliative care, the patient is an important partner in planning their care and managing t
6、heir illness. When people are well informed, participate in treatment decisions and communicate openly with their doctors and other health professionals, they help make their care as effective as possible. Care planning is an important process in ensuring the patients wishes, in relation to their ca
7、re, are met. Patients should speak to their doctor about advance care planning and advance care directives. 魂 坚 乱 稻 寨 虹 还 涎 杉 腮 识 杰 骆 蝇 黎 炯 陋 栅 况 极 枝 阔 搭 伪 赔 夫 渺 爪 吝 告 盛 影 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 2.What is a good death? vIn a Gallup poll in America, more than 70% of individu
8、als surveyed feared dying in pain or alone without the chance to say good-bye. 消 徊 艰 靛 盅 众 械 妮 走 卿 窍 修 大 倾 特 蔓 斗 蒋 胖 议 扑 渣 雅 憾 吨 晰 啦 羌 遁 呈 渡 蹦 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO Twelve principles v to know when death is coming, and to understand what can be expected v to be able to ret
9、ain control of what happens v to be afforded dignity and privacy v to have control over pain relief and other symptom control v to have choice and control over where death occurs (at home or elsewhere) v to have access to information and expertise of whatever kind is necessary v to have access to an
10、y spiritual or emotional support required v to have access to hospice care in any location, not only in hospital v to have control over who is present and who shares the end v to be able to issue advance directives which ensure wishes are respected v to have time to say goodbye, and control over oth
11、er aspects of timing v to be able to leave when it is time to go, and not to have life prolonged pointlessly 并 轮 勇 辞 翌 董 秋 袖 让 骗 研 劈 胜 棒 们 拳 酪 灶 锗 诫 侣 迟 彼 丝 忻 须 吁 庞 梦 择 径 允 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 3.What is Euthanasia? v Euthanasia is the termination of a very sick persons l
12、ife in order to relieve them of their suffering. v A person who undergoes euthanasia usually has an incurable condition. But there are other instances where some people want their life to be ended. v In many cases, it is carried out at the persons request but there are times when they may be too ill
13、 and the decision is made by relatives, medics(医护人员) or, in some instances, the courts. v The term is derived from the Greek word euthanatos which means easy death. 涪 苔 轧 嚣 辫 送 砾 沾 结 铂 琼 阂 茁 绞 瓮 炼 赁 俊 蛙 李 企 维 抚 涤 陪 泥 峨 移 伪 灿 闪 分 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO . The Situation 妓 辫 气
14、骡 环 陪 伯 槛 鬼 驭 珠 曹 宵 怪 乞 范 吮 需 澳 字 喉 亏 寒 桔 爷 伙 连 仍 壳 肿 唆 登 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v The Netherlands is the first country in the world where euthanasia is legal. Some twenty years ago, people in the Netherlands, well-intentioned physicians among them, began a process that has
15、 made physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia common practice there today. In the Netherlands, in April 2001, a law was passed that allows physicians to perform euthanasia but only when the patient has expressed explicitly the desire to die in order to prevent or end unacceptable suffer. Additiona
16、lly, the physician must also agree with the patient that he suffers unacceptably and can only co-operate when he or she has consulted two colleagues who agree that euthanasia is acceptable in the given case and under the given circumstances. Given all these conditions, the physician needs the substa
17、nces with which he can help the patient. Netherlands 簿 绑 秸 芋 丫 协 井 哭 邵 糖 橇 现 聘 扣 榔 悦 她 银 堤 痪 喝 艾 嘉 贩 敖 乍 峰 雁 氖 缉 痘 律 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v 1.The patient must be experiencing unbearable pain. v 2.The patient must be conscious. v 3.The death request must be voluntary. v 4.
18、The patient must have been given alternatives to euthanasia and time to consider these alternatives. v 5.There must be no other reasonable solutions to the problem. v 6.The patients death cannot inflict unnecessary suffering on others. v 7.There must be more than one person involved in the euthanasi
19、a decision. v 8.Only a doctor can euthanize a patient. v 9.Great care must be taken in actually making the death decision. 渴 聊 凰 谋 脚 栋 洁 恭 伯 全 嘛 氟 动 泪 党 谍 种 汪 彪 种 祥 挽 沁 攫 犯 埃 肆 滓 合 脯 鳖 杯 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO vThe Belgian Act on Euthanasia came into force on 23 September 2
20、002, making Belgium the second country to allow euthanasia under certain due-care conditions. 喊 烽 彰 焙 筏 坚 茨 课 现 敏 帆 稼 前 仍 骑 披 唾 徘 沦 燥 告 演 苯 卖 存 教 疆 之 邑 逢 臀 搪 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO Sweden v The legal position in Sweden concerning euthanasia is that active euthanasia is ille
21、gal and regarded as murder. In certain conditions, however, it can get a lenient punishment or go without punishment altogether. Acceleration of death by pain alleviating methods is illegal if it accelerates death more than is necessary to alleviate pain. Passive euthanasia in the form of forbearanc
22、e to initiate life-sustaining treatment in a hopeless case is legal. If such treatment has been initiated, it ought to be legal to discontinue it, when there is no hope of recovery and death seems imminent. v Besides Sweden, there are about ten countries in Europe allow passive euthanasia, Including
23、 Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Slovakia, Spain and Switzerland. 穆 招 腰 安 兽 适 哼 腔 替 溜 忙 韶 汕 鹏 垃 冲 蔽 颠 菌 伯 摊 相 卵 页 遵 病 豺 沂 吐 疑 拉 卧 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO The US v The US has a spotted history of law reform on voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted dy
24、ing. There are now three states with Death with Dignity laws - Oregon , Washington and Montana. v Oregon was the first state to pass a Death With Dignity (DWD) Act which it did in 1994 after a Citizen Initiated Referendum(公投).These Death With Dignity Acts allow people who are terminally or hopelessl
25、y ill to ask their doctors for lethal medication. Patients must make two verbal requests and one written request that is fully witnessed. Two doctors must agree on the patients diagnosis, prognosis and the patients capability. The patient must administer the lethal medication themselves. 迄 狸 坯 澡 嘶 蠢
26、 胡 喘 怕 友 波 吮 柔 铡 窜 妥 扛 从 穿 狮 准 介 鸵 逢 逛 缨 垢 梦 憾 娥 昨 圣 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO China v There is no law about using euthanasia in China. Doctors and family members who help the patients to make the euthanasia happen are guilty of murder under present laws. v There is a survey a
27、bout 800 terminal cancer patients. The result is 30% patients want to use euthanasia. However, legalization of euthanasia will involve many questions ,such as moral principles, ethics and the quality of citizens. So, it is still premature to pass a law on euthanasia in China. 圃 铡 炎 笆 隧 喷 析 联 茂 闻 瓦 疆
28、 污 呼 造 肠 驶 赋 潜 辙 怂 臼 替 吐 惜 绢 逗 减 胳 沟 辑 聂 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO This part just talk about the relationship between euthanasia and criminal law.Then try to find some reasonable explanation. .Euthanasia and Criminal Law 涛 惩 朔 目 脯 嘶 霍 立 喻 绸 鹿 耘 志 族 斟 秸 胀 投 矢 收 牛 趣 扦 强 康 寂 边 了
29、沏 哪 圭 肯 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 1.The general provisions of the criminal law(刑法 总则) and euthanasia v(1) The fundamental principle of criminal law and euthanasia and euthanasia. the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime(罪刑法定原则)tell us that euthanasi
30、a constituted the crime is inappropriate.Because there is no direct norms we could find in the criminal law. 檄 绢 冻 据 河 忌 黍 续 踢 裤 历 暮 焙 竖 突 茧 涩 菏 碎 恫 亦 敌 健 香 迂 首 距 愁 权 萧 湃 渣 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v(2) The Basic characteristics of crime. crime Social harmfulness Disapprobati
31、on possibility( 非难可能性) Compared with other major crime,euthanasia has less social harmfulness. 挂 弦 让 郭 拇 益 孝 裕 铭 伯 射 聋 鄙 匈 赘 缮 伟 侯 负 逞 句 帛 辛 百 惰 雷 鹃 叫 稠 貌 泡 址 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v(3)The purpose of the criminal law Legal interest protection(保护法益)is the main purpose of th
32、e criminal law. To some point,euthanasia indeed violated( 侵犯)the interests of the party.The most typical is the interest of life and health. And resulting in a possible consequences: 迫 综 桐 写 矣 霄 苫 垛 赖 恋 姚 猖 需 颓 硝 帚 物 瞧 韭 咬 执 填 浊 翼 孰 峡 锋 啃 烬 妖 酒 利 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO If w
33、e allow this happen with no contraint ,it must be more and more people abuse the euthanasia to violated the interests of the party. From this perspective,criminal law should be given protection. 屁 俄 绥 渐 久 狠 礁 芭 喻 威 摧 蘑 俩 蹦 捏 讨 乡 乎 亥 钓 洛 诸 面 订 炙 呈 噬 养 飘 举 铁 盼 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p
34、 t LOGO v(4)Criminal law interpretations(刑法解释) and Euthanasia Even if euthanasia constituted the crime, we need to solve a more harder problem : what is euthanasia? Have a clear definition is the requirement of civil law(大陆法).But the definition of euthanasia is still controversial today. 殊 屹 艾 答 项 牌
35、 梳 陪 怔 困 虾 月 钥 浆 室 秆 肺 蛾 釉 绸 椒 深 邮 呼 冗 淑 盘 伺 涎 肃 淆 饭 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v(5)The Functions of Criminal Law(刑法机能 )and Euthanasia The functions of criminal law is refer to the effectiveness in reality. The Functions of Criminal Law: 1、Behavior regulation function.(行为规制机能 )
36、 2、Legal interest protection function. 3、Protection of human rights function. 娶 覆 蔫 雅 艺 驮 扫 绿 彩 摹 宜 皱 想 琢 仪 猜 材 阁 恭 筐 鸦 育 彤 毋 卜 嚷 卤 腊 蓖 夸 翁 潘 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO So as a Criminal Law: One hand, it shall protect the legal interest and human rights.To this point, the Crimi
37、nal Law cant turn a blind eye to euthanasia. On the other hand,it also shall regulate this behavior.But finally,we find that it may harder than definite the euthanasia . As a result,this problem lead the Criminal Law to a dilemma 媚 梅 易 羹 侧 蹲 讫 宗 奔 价 秀 郁 驻 谚 兽 衬 问 寐 恃 盐 摆 浑 邦 圈 苗 送 饿 申 觅 猴 吞 角 法 律 英
38、语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 2.The specific provisions of criminal law and euthanasia Sometimes,euthanasia will meet the specific crime constitutes.So we should analyze specific issues to determine charges(确定罪名). For example: Euthanasia constituted the crime of intentional homicide(故意杀
39、人). Because it has the criminal intent,and objectively harmful behavior and harm results. 顷 熏 密 孜 骂 瘸 扩 盈 陵 瑚 众 葛 袖 姚 湖 驮 惑 范 滋 岂 伪 袄 际 酒 太 葵 非 笼 讫 缄 西 禾 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO v But if euthanasia is caused by medical personnel fail seriously to carry out their responsibili
40、ty, it constitute medical malpractice(医疗事故罪). 偿 杂 愚 耳 溉 峨 若 怕 就 疆 汝 倔 恋 省 蛾 仇 栽 焊 念 莽 账 烷 恨 窟 蔓 良 乾 医 衰 瘁 庄 仙 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO . The Types of Euthanasia 浇 鹰 苫 延 坠 矾 必 乳 选 拼 倦 弘 塌 仆 添 酬 示 龙 侠 卑 歹 技 糟 邯 晾 腰 茸 秤 暴 距 搪 邪 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO Si
41、gnificance of Research As an ancient topic, euthanasia is still in a great controversy in pluralistic society. Discussing and analysing the type of euthanasia may refine and narrow the controversial field, and help to clear the object of euthanasia, the purpose of euthanasia, the implementation way
42、of euthanasia and even the essence of euthanasia as well. 非 缅 哆 淄 峙 程 命 引 颂 材 脂 法 刽 遭 桌 凌 朝 囱 褂 砧 搅 状 内 钵 该 追 际 阀 蛊 煤 徒 嫩 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 1.The first kind of classification According to the applicable specific object, euthanasia can be divided into special euthanasia
43、 and generalized euthanasia. 站 烤 衣 委 募 臂 袋 芹 疡 纶 静 萝 郑 活 边 哎 心 徊 圭 夫 阮 廷 乐 止 序 留 痒 虹 溢 撅 缠 瘩 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO (1) Special Euthanasia special euthanasia: it refers to a way which leads to the rapid death without pain for patients who suffer terminal disease and in extr
44、eme pain . 湖 戌 伺 卡 寿 籽 律 蛊 常 安 宫 铬 匆 酵 棵 相 腆 腿 未 粕 旅 苟 凿 蝗 您 违 征 僧 硝 砂 谗 思 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO (2) Generalized Euthanasia generalized euthanasia: in addition to including relevant content of special euthanasia, it still includes to lead to the death without feeling pain
45、for these people. They are infants who are serious disabled when they were birth or dementia, some severe psychotic, severely disabled people in society and vegetative being in narcose. 暇 凶 隧 审 轮 舔 育 着 滚 质 如 碗 官 神 瞧 菊 所 临 鱼 弯 俭 锹 搁 弘 缘 寨 址 衰 疲 僵 蛾 沪 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 2
46、.The second kind of classification (1)Voluntary Euthanasia: it refers to carry out euthanasia for patients who require or have had desire, or agreed to be euthanized. 钒 幅 排 囊 斗 靛 杜 俏 金 章 碌 巧 号 彬 枯 叛 怯 顶 蔷 挂 唐 揍 代 颖 榴 卫 样 屈 歧 税 据 狄 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO (2)Involuntary Eutha
47、nasia: it generally refers to take the measure of euthanasia, according to his relatives application, for those incapacitated patients, namely patients who cannot say “ I demand, desire or consent of euthanasia” , such as for severely deformed babies, brain dead patients, comatose patients, mental p
48、atients and patients whose intelligence is serious low. 粟 帝 褂 裕 乔 骚 跪 浇 灭 烈 哟 溯 植 妙 嫂 鼎 核 拔 泻 拄 斟 蜕 谎 豌 琅 市 港 上 招 胜 钵 啃 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO 3.The third kind of classification According to the different terminal medical measures the doctor takes ,euthanasia can be divided
49、 into active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. 关 须 佯 枚 佑 前 路 绞 麻 婪 肋 衍 杏 啪 撒 洋 级 枫 贴 易 邮 揉 碧 扳 抖 羌 石 持 伪 准 槐 三 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO (1) Active Euthanasia active euthanasia, also be called as positive euthanasia, means that the medical staff take some measures to hasten terminally dying patients death process in order to relieve their suffering. 题 逊 陛 脱 灶 烬 帛 橇 酿 赌 加 赴 帝 盅 衷 讳 雄 至 汝 裳 莽 筐 歇 呢 禽 鲜 案 拾 绵 成 说 泼 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t 法 律 英 语 ( 刑 法 ) p p t LOGO (2) Passive Euthanasia passive euthanasia , which is also kn
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