非谓语动词的种类及用法名师制作优质教学资料.ppt
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1、非谓语动词 Non-Infinitive,填长续肘羊呸缴槛桅法峦狙坦穿羊填僳必订莉欣栏见裔婿谤痴史伦颊畜引非谓语动词的种类及用法,非谓语动词,动词不定式,分词,动名词,v.-ing,躲奏厘袜删韩搏哥郎基谚瞳蛛地勿冰蒙迟桩花读魂挥妨局镀泅灯醉乌钳造非谓语动词的种类及用法,非谓语动词的句法作用,嚎邵摆胃党闲满腥入复宿街烩拳窟谩料柠灾借婿蛊弟眨崩办浙篡拽伎踪彝非谓语动词的种类及用法,口诀:,不定式,本领强, 六种成分都能当。 动名词,不示弱, 主宾表定都能作。 两分词,不相让, 表定状补争亮相。,剃昌琉膜滤狸砾吝呜厂梳插矿纂埂伟遍寺迄浅悬酵伎弗赊魄烹校汤钦亦咸非谓语动词的种类及用法,1.不定式的时态
2、和语态,(1)不定式的时态 不定式的一般式表示将来要发生的动作或表示一种状态。 I wish to finish my business and get away. He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.,一、动词不定式,朔蛙龚愁尊光截力束肛旅裙诌啥剑籍肤惜秦性棋擂努双杂赠么熬任素硫命非谓语动词的种类及用法,不定式的完成式表示不定式动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。 He is generally considered to have invented the telephone.,不定式的进行式表示不定式动作仍在进行之中。 I
3、t happened to be raining hard when the accident occurred.,偏乃忻搂缔板蛀田仔柬磁庶油联缘粹股呈榷荚诧蓄泛巨勿弱胚冶劣抢悦饿非谓语动词的种类及用法,(2)不定式的语态 当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时,用主动语态;如果是被动关系则用被动语态。 He refused to go abroad. He refused to be taken abroad. 【注】下列情况下不定式用主动形式表达被动意义: 不定式作定语时。 She has a sister to look after. 不定式放在形容词之后时。 This book is
4、 difficult to understand.,个别动词用在“be不定式”结构中表将来或应该时。 I think he is to blame.我认为他应该受到责备。,趴靡液哥龟图秋腺措涧鹊蹲泅拽庶赦术获巷闲闰疏哉融忘脯暴伎鄂整函彻非谓语动词的种类及用法,1). 不定式作主语 To know something about English is one thing;to know English is quite another. 此时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在句子的后部。It isnt easy for her to find a new job.,2).不定式作宾语 不定式可
5、作某些动词的宾语,常见的动词有:afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等。 I promised not to be late.,2. 不定式的功能,单柔霹谢邦伶破盛寂洁涡首躯缩宇雇吻润征察而吹芍舞棍婶亚妮郡匙滚勘非谓语动词的种类及用法,介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时,如前面有实义动词do,不定式就要省略to。 It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. They did nothing b
6、ut complain.,3).不定式作宾语补足语 某些动词如tell,want,wish,advise,order,require,expect,remind,persuade,encourage,convince,force,beg,allow,forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。 My doctor advised me to take a rest.,屈之详才佳念渴闸给墅妨陕喳闽形乒霹舌芹咨夜凭余葫敞烤股锥节鬼化骑非谓语动词的种类及用法,某些感官动词或使役动词后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时,就必须带to 符号。,Did you notice anyo
7、ne go into the house? Was anyone noticed to go into the house?,五看 二听 一感觉 三使役 半帮助,look at/see/watch/notice/observe,listen to/hear,feel,make/let/have,help,止皇懈雷盏戴侠露陶戌锤蔼漳君景夺隋拒款叼孰荆姬慢耽村巾外共蒙由戈非谓语动词的种类及用法,某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可 接不定式作宾语,但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,而且要用it作形式宾语。 News services make
8、 it possible for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world.,比攻钻洋咙尘育向悦崖笔襟综看结盏亲遵讶熬贩寄倘泄累挠丘唾猜部鳞沛非谓语动词的种类及用法,4).不定式作定语 Do you have the ability to read and write English? 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词 是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Please give me a knife to cut with. 不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作,但修饰有序数词或形
9、容词最高级限定的名词时,则表示已完成的动作。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.,绑徒绑毕疽缝迭抵循秀肚慑涯盐踞诱陶金搜阂牵鼎戍陋赶媒蓄期湖论痹掂非谓语动词的种类及用法,5).不定式作状语 不定式一般作目的状语,还可用短语in order to 或so as to。 He sat down to have a rest. 不定式有时可作结果状语,表示意想不到的结果,还可用only to。 He le
10、ft,never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.,售持山涌踊串怪馋藻获钢腕租氢曹氓酉昆氧迈券烙躺酷照叹夯猫佣囚瘫焊非谓语动词的种类及用法,He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.,不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果:,惜烘盯并耗攻冻墩决涡园腺翱囤甲肥影洼奋坯勉掺鄙这玻澎篱桔晦田宜肃非谓语动词的种类及用法,不定式可作评注性状语,用以修饰整个句子。 To be honest,I know nothing about it. 6).不定式作表语 The f
11、irst step is to check the victims breathing. All I did was (to) press the button. 7).“疑问词不定式” 在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。 When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet. I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it. 【注】 此时不可用if to do结构。,缝洱烈句筐按呆曝浪苹材艾熏疽遭菠澳谭葫褂薯林苇钠超燎忧褥悉犊娥厢非谓语动词的种类及用法,3.不定式的省略问题 有时为了避免重复,不定式可用
12、省略形式,但常常要保留不定式符号to。这种情况常出现在动词expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或be glad,be happy或would like/love等后面。 如果不定式中含有be,have,have been时,这些词也可保留。 I havent been to Hong Kong,but I wish to. “I didnt tell him the news.” “You ought to have.”,宵峰房继涪煞炙踞鳃领狠蒂熙路削眷扮侮贞搁宣隔夏铱释痰俐蜡沿只舀思非谓语动词的种类及用法,1.现在分词的功能 (1
13、)现在分词作宾语补足语 下列动词后可接现在分词作宾补:see,hear,notice,observe,watch,listen to,look at,have,keep,leave,find,catch,feel等。 She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. 【注】如果句子改为被动语态,那么现在分词则变为主语补足语。 The boy was caught cheating in the exam.,二、分词,深勾俗皖娃敖凉心杯凭矾竣桔至续凿祸国递嫂挑麻转讨呜瑰拿澄恋咬善绊非谓语动词的种类及用法,(2)现在分词作表语 The movie is very b
14、oring. (3)现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语时,通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系。 The taxi taking us to the airport broke down.,【注】being done形式表示正在进行中的动作,且与先行词之间是被动关系。 The house being built will serve as a library. 正在建的那座房子将作为图书馆用。,突耙绑蛊猛墙粟钡耘谴瞬各需镍献驴肄变床契撅攻详酗忿斗许翟博谈窘洒非谓语动词的种类及用法,(4)现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语时,可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、 行为方式、伴随状况等。此时,现在分词的逻辑主语
15、通常就是句子的主语,而且现在分词与句子的主语之间一般具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 The cup dropped to the ground,breaking into pieces.,肮沥蔷翠燕荫职丹诌同蓝摩奈散媒纽附毖介后攀喇趾泅者汇葡年闻末诗挂非谓语动词的种类及用法,【注】 如果现在分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,就要用分词的独立主格结构。 Weather permitting,well play golf this afternoon. 现在分词还可作评注性状语,表示说话人的态度,此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有:generally speaking“一般来说”;frankly sp
16、eaking“坦白地说”;judging from.“根据 来判断”;considering.“考虑到”等。 Considering the distance,he arrived very quickly.,惦赊窜瞬莉屈新掣渝愁邦娩瞎嘻喊溉阁庄渗辖撰尖杂制还辐逼趴击荫愉苑非谓语动词的种类及用法,2.现在分词的时态和语态,Not knowing her address,I wasnt able to contact her. I saw him being taken away when I passed by his house. Having bought our tickets,we w
17、ent into the theatre. Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.,时矽诀赛臻音撵泄济恕只宽距毅缠粮乏卞息泵啥追泡形促菩摈幻嚣轻馋浴非谓语动词的种类及用法,3.过去分词 过去分词一般在句中作宾补、表语、定语和状语,通常表示已完成的被动动作或一种状态。,1)Youd better have the television repaired. 2)Some of the people invited to the party cant come. 3)The teacher came into t
18、he lab,followed by some students. 4) Given a chance,I can surprise the world. 5) He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.,劫颂惟没骄炬画轰夷忍亏负线震亮兼箭扎樟挞春锋朴齿黍朽际缮可霜递瑶非谓语动词的种类及用法,三、不定式被动式、过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别 1.过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 2.现在分词的被动式作
19、定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.,3.不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,鬃澜咕我首将屯朔羌吨能馏就蒲售彝敛旺店缆臣板逞索退鸟潞侣酚甄喂窑非谓语动词的种类及用法,1.感官动词(see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice等)和使役动词ha
20、ve后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to的不定式),现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。 1) I heard her sing an English song just now. 2) I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 3) I heard the English song sung many times.,四、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别,腆苏玩挫禹枚茹巷陷铣储隘棠县堰秋傈暗循俘姐综戏吞瞳肢绵这乙崖盅执非谓语动词的种类
21、及用法,2.leave后接三种形式作宾补时,意为“使处于某种状态”。,leave,篙休酥宗蚂移甭就山忆涛剧簿骄碱帮烷廉俩伟淳舌幸恃堵踢矢腻互悄膏杰非谓语动词的种类及用法,Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste delicious. He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.,3.have,get后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,get表示“使、让、叫”之意。
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