精神分析复习大纲.doc
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1、精神分析复习大纲题型:单选题30分;简答题:30分案例分析10分论述题30分1、极端退缩:退缩什么时候使用?overstimulated or distressed导致退缩产生的家庭养育原因?Experiences of emotional intrusion or impingement by caregivers and other early objects can reinforce withdrawal; conversely, neglect and isolation can also foster that reaction by leaving a child depende
2、nt on what he or she can generate internally for stimulation主要使用退缩防御的人格?Schizoid personality styles退缩的弊端?The obvious disadvantage of withdrawal is that it removes the person from active participation in interpersonal problem solving.退缩的优势?The main advantage of withdrawal as a defensive strategy is t
3、hat while it involves a psychological escape from reality, it requires little distortion of it能否举例说明,在你的人生经历中,不由自主使用极端退缩的例子?一般性的、非极端的退缩有吗?2、否认否认的内在机制?Denial lives on automatically in all of us as our first reaction to any catastrophe; the initial response of individuals who are informed of the death
4、 of someone important to them is typically “Oh, no!” This reaction is the shadow of an archaic process rooted in the childs egocentrism, in which a prelogical conviction that “If I dont acknowledge it, it isnt happening” governs experience.什么时候可以说否认发生了?Experiences of rapture and overwhelming exhilar
5、ation, especially when they occur in situations in which most people would perceive some negative aspects to their circumstances, are similarly assumed to reflect the operation of denial否认的好的功能是什么?A person whose feelings get hurt in situations in which it is inappropriate or unwise to cry is more li
6、kely to deny the hurt feelings than to acknowledge them fully and inhibit the crying response consciously. In crises or emergencies, a capacity to deny emotionally that ones survival is at risk can be lifesaving: Denial may permit the most realistically effective and even heroic actions.否认的坏的功能?An a
7、cquaintance of mine refuses to get annual Pap smears, as if by ignoring the possibility of cancer she can magically avoid it. Spouses who deny that their abusive partner is dangerous, alcoholics who insist they have no drinking problem, mothers who ignore the evidence of sexual molestation of their
8、daughters, elderly people who will not give up a drivers license despite obvious impairmentall are familiar examples of denial at its worst成熟防御机制中的否认是什么表现的?Take, for instance, the consoling belief that the person who rejected you really desired you but was not ready for a full commitment. Such a con
9、clusion includes denial that one was rejected as well as the more sophisticated excuse-making activity that we refer to as rationalization.主要使用否认防御机制的人格可能是什么?hypomanic成人否认的好处?screen out and transform painful affects for long periods of time举例说明,在你的人生经历中有不由自主地使用否认防御机制的例子。3、全能控制:为什么说心理等同时候就是全能控制?“psyc
10、hic equivalence,” in which the external world is felt as isomorphic with the internal one.全能控制的三个发展阶段?He noted that at the infantile stage of primary omnipotence or grandiosity, the fantasy that one controls the world is normal; that this naturally shifts, as the child matures, to a phase of seconda
11、ry or derived omnipotence in which one or more caregivers are believed to be all-powerful; and that eventually, the maturing child comes to terms with the unattractive fact that no ones potency is unlimited.成人的全能感的功能?Some healthy residues of the sense of infantile omnipotence remain in all of us and
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