最新新课标人教版英语必修1_2必背知识点名师优秀教案.doc
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1、新课标人教版英语必修1_2必背知识点三、现在完成时考点例析 现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有: 一、考查其构成 助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如: 1. Kates never seen Chinese films,_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she 析:陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式,又因Kates是Kate has的缩写,故选B。 2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His
2、uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析:already常用在肯定句中,yet常用在否定句、疑问句中,故填hasnt, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 析:so+助/系/情态动词+主语结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致,又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。 二、考查其用法与标志词 (一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时,常用现在完成时。如: 1.
3、 -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed 析:据ye
4、t和before可知,应用现在完成时,故1题选D,2题选D。 (二)当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,若是非延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如: 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for 析:主句用的是现在完成时,而从句用的是一般过去时,故选C。 2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has b
5、orrowed C. has bought D. has had 析:A、B、C均为非延续性动词,在肯定句中不与表段时间的短语连用,故选D。 3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard 析:据since可知,应排除A、C,hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为收到某人的来信,故选B。 三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。
6、如: 1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 析:据句中的have,排除A,B项意为去某地了,C项意为一直呆在某地,D项意为去过某地,符合题意,故选D。 2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 析:本题句中有for+段时间结构,据此可排除C,
7、B项意为去过某地,不合题意,D项缺介词,故选A。 四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如: 1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子) 析:非延续性动词与段时间连用时,除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外,还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为:Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.
8、 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句) _more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析:据上题分析,且since引导的从句要用一般过去时,故填It is, since, came。 3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming 析:因我丢了票的动作发生在过去,而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果,符合现在完成时所表示的
9、含意,故选C。 英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。 一、持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。 常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 二、瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。 常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get
10、 to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法: (1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换 He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. (他参军已有3年了。)不用has joined She has been up for quite s
11、ome time. (她起床已有好久了。)不用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? (离家已有好久了吗,)不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系: 1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away(be not here) 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12
12、、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in()或be amember 18、becomebe (2)用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词 例如:电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法) (1)The film has been on for five minutes. (2)Its five minutes since the film began. 他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法) (1)He has been away from Sha
13、nghai for three days. (2)It is three days since he left Shanghai. 这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法) Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了,(一种方法) How long is it since be found his sister? 4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如:I havent seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。) Unit 1 Great scientis
14、ts I. Phrases 1. put forward 提出 2. draw a conclusion 得出结论 3. be/get under control 在控制下 be/get out of control失去控制,不能操纵 4. be absorbed in 专心 5. be to blame 应该受责备(用主动形式表示被动) blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 6. in addition 也,另外,此外 7. link.to. 将和连接或联系起来 8. die of 因而死亡(内因) die from 因而死亡(外因) 9. lead to 导致,通向 10.
15、 make sense 有意义,说得通 11. apart from 除之外,此外 12. contribute to 为作贡献或捐款,导致,有助于 13. be enthusiastic about 对热情 14. be curious about 对好奇 15. cure sb. of illness 治好某人病 16. point of view 态度,观点,看法 17.(be)strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 II. Sentences 1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London so famous, indeed, th
16、at he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. 约翰?斯诺曾经是伦敦一位著名的医生,他的确太负盛名了,所以维多利亚女皇生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩。 2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他一想到要帮助患病的普通老百姓,特别是那些得了霍乱的患者时,他就感到很振奋。 3. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood
17、. 人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。 4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他知道,在找到病源之前,疫情是无法控制的。 5. He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people. 霍乱之所以能致人于死,当时有两种看法,斯诺对这两种推测都很感兴趣。 6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies w
18、ith their meals. 第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。 7. He believed in the second theory but needed to prove he was correct. 他相信第二种说法,但是需要证明他是正确的。 8. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来要归罪于饮用水了。 9. Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump
19、so it could not be used. 约翰?斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手,这样水泵就用不成了。 10. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其它行星的运动才能说得清楚。 11. But only his new theory could do that. 看是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。 12. Yet Copernicus theory is now the base on whi
20、ch all our ideas of the universe are built. 然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙赖以建立的基础。 Unit 2 The United Kingdom I. Phrases 1. consist of 由组成 2. divideinto 把分成 3. at war (with) (与)交战中 4. break away ( from ) 挣托(束缚);脱离 5. educational / legal system 教育 / 立法制度 6. have a good / bad influence on 对有好/ 坏影响 7. take the place of
21、 代替 8. break down (机器)破坏,损坏;(人)身体出毛病;(计划等)受挫,失败 9. make an error 出错 10. leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑 11. puzzle over / about 为烦恼,困扰 12. debate sth. with sb. 与某人讨论、争辩 13. at your convenience 在你方便的时候 14. in / with relation to (介)关于;和相关 15. under construction 在建设中 II. Sentences: 1. There is no need to debate an
22、y more why different words are used to describe the four countries. 对于用来描述这四个国家的词语,现在已经没有争辩的必要了。 2. To their surprise, the three countries found themselves united peacefully instead of by war. 这三个国家惊奇地发现他们是和平地而没有通过战争联合起来了。 3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the Uni
23、ted Kingdom worthwhile. 如果你想要使你的英国之旅不虚此行,你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。 4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London . 由于担心时间不够,张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。 5. It looked splendid when first built. 刚建成的时候,它看起来真是金碧辉煌。 6. What interested her most was the longitud
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