最新初中物理××中学综合能力题专项训练优秀名师资料.doc
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1、2013初中物理中学综合能力题专项训练初中物理综合能力题专项训(练习题课资料) 班级 座号 姓名 评分 1、由于怕饭菜太烫,来不及冷却而影响小明的早餐,妈妈总是很早就起床了(为了让妈妈多睡一会儿,小明就想找到一种让物体快速冷却的方法(为此小明进行了如下的探究: 小明注意到妈妈是把饭菜放在空气中冷却的,而厨房中适合用来冷却的另一种物质就是水(水和空气哪个的导热性能好呢,为此小明用两个相同的牛奶瓶,都装入热牛奶,一个放在温度与室温相同的水中,另一个就放在空气中,为了尽量减少其他因素的影响,他把两个瓶都用木块垫起来,放在同一个桌面上(如图4所示(实验时他每隔一定的时间记录一次甲、乙两温度计的示数,得
2、到的数据如下表: 时间0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 /min 甲的示数70 60 53 47 42 39 37 35 34 33 图4 /? 乙的示数70 66 61 58 55 52 50 48 46 44 /? (1)对甲、乙两个瓶中的牛奶,小明要控制它们哪些量相同, ; (2)小明通过实验,得到的正确结论是什么, ; (3)进一步分析表中甲的示数,小明又发现,在冷却过程中,牛奶冷却的快慢前后并不一致,是越来越_的(小明想用“冷却速度”(用字母V代表)来定量表示冷却的快慢程度,请你给物理量下个定义:_叫做冷却速率( (4)小明又仔细分析了冷却速度变小的原因,认识到这是因
3、为牛奶冷却的快慢还会受到_的影响( 2、阅读短文,回答问题 PTC是一种新型的半导体陶瓷材料,它以钛酸钡为主,渗多种物质后加工而成,目前家用的陶瓷风扇,陶瓷电热水壶等就是这种材料成的,PTC有一个根据需要设定的温度,低于这个温度时,其电阻随温度的升高而减 小,高于这个温度时,其电阻随温度的升高而增大,我们把这个设定的温度叫“居里点温度”,用PTC材料制成的电热器具有发热、控温双重功能,应用十分广泛。 图17 (1)家用固体电热灭蚊器就使用PTC陶瓷电热元件,图17为其电阻随温度变化的图象,由图可知,该PTC材料的居里点温度 为 ? (2)家用固体电热灭蚊器工作时的温度基本稳定在165?左右,若
4、它的温度高于165?,电阻将 ,功率 ,使温度 ;反之,也能自动调节。因此使用PTC材料制成的电热器具有自动调节功能。 that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi-finished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefore its qualit
5、y inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed work-related. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material used is eligible. (6)
6、complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is thea the companys situation, familiar with the period sc
7、hedule master plan, construction with water, power supply, vertical transportation, gondola of external scaffolding or construction. (2) technical data preparation: first drawings to prepare the drawings to be fully familiar with, and does not have difficult places to ask out clearly understood, you
8、 also need to prepare acceptance of the Atlas, the quality standards, safety index, all the forms used and the acceptance required for the works, and more. (3) tools, implements preparation: supply planning against the required tools, appliances, specific to the type, quantity, supply time, also pla
9、ns to supply, warehouse, and other departments, common tools and appliances. (4) materials: according to the drawings and engineering, detailed material supply meter . (2) preparations into people, and clear accountability to specific persons. (3) implementation of collaboration and cooperation with
10、 construction companies. 2.15 embedded part installation (early works with civil engineering completed) 1. Note: buried is one of the curtain wall with main structure connecting structure, embedded quality directly affects the production, installation of curtain wall and the main structure of the co
11、nnections. Its installation has a direct impact on the degree of precision of curtain wall construction accuracy and surface quality is good or bad. So the first job as a curtain wall installation, buried both for its manufacture and installation are directly affects the entire curtain wall construc
12、tion, installation, and an important factor in the overall effect. 2. material specifications: the embedded parts. 3. basic operation: (1) familiar with the drawings: installation personnel after receivingtypeset by the owners consent before they can purchase and order under the program, each stone
13、must use the same background, the same pattern, size error in 0.5mm stone. Air infiltration properties, stone curtain wall wind pressure rainwater leakage in distortion performance, performance and energy-saving performance in front of the construction should be in accordance with the construction p
14、lan of the specification and the file size in the appropriate authority inspection departments qualified testing. Stone used steel keel, installation job main including following steps: 2.1 construction Qian prepared 2.2 pre buried pieces processing 2.3 measurement and the measurement results figure
15、 draws 2.4 vertical box positioning put line 2.5 turned received pieces installation 2.6 vertical box installation 2.7 vertical box correction and acceptance 2.8 layer high and the cross box measurement positioning and put line 2.9 cross box installation 2.10 installation 2.11 stone plate installati
16、on 2.12 sealed rubber injection 2.13 clean ending 2.14 construction Qian prepared 1. Description Project Manager required for the duration of the project schedule, technical information, tools, machinery, apparatus, materials, personnel, temporary facilities ready. 2. the scope of previous construct
17、ion (1) project outline: to understand the site profiles, familiar with the construction and supervision of party (3)某同学利用PTC电阻设计了一个“过热自动报警电;将PTC电阻安装在需要探测温度的地方,当环境温路”度正常时,指示灯亮;当环境温度超过PTC电阻的居里点温度时,由于电阻变化,导致电磁铁磁性减弱,使警铃响,请你帮他将图18所示的电路补充完整。 (4)你认为该“过热自动报警电路”的设计或使用过程中有何不足,(指出一点即可) 图18 3、小明在烈日当空的海边玩耍,发现沙子
18、烫脚,而海水却很凉。同样,太阳光照射,为什么会出现不同的结果呢,小明想:是不是沙子和海水吸热升温快慢不同呢,于是他从海边取一些沙子和海水带回家进行探究。 小明在两个相同的玻璃杯中分别装上了相同质量的海水和沙子,用一个100W的白炽灯同时照射它们,并用温度计测出它们不同时刻的温度值。记录的数据如下表所示。 照射时间/min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 温度/? 海水 31(0 31(6 32(1 32(5 32(8 33(0 33(1 沙子 31(0 32(5 33(8 34(8 35(8 36 36(3 (1)小明探究的物理问题是什么, (2)分析小明探究中收集到的数据,你可以得出什么探究
19、结论, (3)小明发现“夏天海边的沙子烫脚而海水却很凉”,请你用简单的语言从日常生活中或自然中举出一个类似的现象。 4、阅读下面的短文,然后解答后面的问题: 植物是我们的好朋友,它们与我们的生活息息相关,每一种植物都具有蒸腾作用.植物的蒸腾作用是一个水分的运输和散失的过程.蒸腾过程如下:土壤中的水分?根毛?根内导管?茎内导管?叶内导管?叶肉细胞?气孔?大气.蒸腾作用对植物体具有重要的意义:?降低植物的温度,?促进根吸收水分,?促进水分和无机盐的运输。植物一天中蒸腾作用的变化规律是:日出后,蒸腾作用随之增强,到午后三时左右达到最高峰,三时以后,植物体内的水分减少,气孔逐渐关闭,蒸腾作用随之下降,
20、日落后蒸腾作用降到最低点. (1)你认为蒸腾作用能降低植物及其周围环境的温度的物理原理是 。 (2)根据短文,影响植物蒸腾作用强弱的因素有: ; that construction site clean, consciously maintain sanitation. (4) ensure the safety of materials and semi-finished products. 8. quality assessment, data compilation: buried, belongs to the concealed works construction, therefo
21、re its quality inspection must be carried out according to acceptance of concealed work-related. Mainly in the following aspects: (1) acceptance of positioning is accurate. (2) is fixed securely. (3) tightening compliance requirements. (4) have an impact on other projects. (5) the material used is e
22、ligible. (6) complete information has been collected. Documentation: should follow construction progress at any time finishing self acceptance, signature acceptance after the representatives of the party were invited. Requirements: (1) covert acceptance is thea the companys situation, familiar with
23、the period schedule master plan, construction with water, power supply, vertical transportation, gondola of external scaffolding or construction. (2) technical data preparation: first drawings to prepare the drawings to be fully familiar with, and does not have difficult places to ask out clearly un
24、derstood, you also need to prepare acceptance of the Atlas, the quality standards, safety index, all the forms used and the acceptance required for the works, and more. (3) tools, implements preparation: supply planning against the required tools, appliances, specific to the type, quantity, supply t
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