最新中学英语语法漫谈-高中英语语法讲解优秀名师资料.doc
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1、一、冠词用法小结 冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂,千头万绪,尤其是惯用法,请同学们平时学习时注意 积累。以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。 一、不定冠词的用法: 1、泛指人或事物的类别,相当于 any, 如: A hammer is tool.A steel worker makes steel. 2、泛指某人或某物。 A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk. 3、表 one 或 every。 We work 8 hours a day.I go home twice a month. 4、表示 the same 的意思。
2、 Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together. 5、用在不可数名词前 a)(用在物质名词前)一种,一份 A large coffee for me.It was a wonderful tea. b)(用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前) It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling. There is a cold wind this morning. c)(用在抽象名词前)一种 That is a great disapp
3、ointment.Its a pleasure to work with you. 6、(用在某些专有名词前)某个叫的人,一张的画,一个象的人等。 I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00.He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room. What a strange London they saw!Hes a living Lei Feng. 7、用于某些固定词组中。 a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold 等。
4、 8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用 an, 如 an apple, an English book。要以发音为准,并非以 元音字母而定。如 a university, an hour, an “h”, an X-ray examination. 二、定冠词的用法。 1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。 The boy likes the film.Shut the door, please. The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker. 2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。 the earth, the moon, the stars
5、, the sun(但 space 前不用) 3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。 the second, the tallest, the last, the first. 4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。 the United States; the Peoples Republic of China; the Communist Party of China; the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army; the No. 15 Middle School; the department of Education. 5、用在某些建筑
6、物名称前。 The Great Hall of the People; the Monument to the Peoples Heroes; the Great Wall; the Capital Theatre; the Space Museum; the Peace Hotel。 6、用在江河海洋,山脉群岛,海峡海湾等专有名词前。 The Changjiang River, the Red Sea, the Dabie Mountains, the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Persian Gulf。 7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有
7、名词前。 the Peoples Daily(但:China Daily) the New York Times, the 15th Party Congress, the Geneva Agreement 8、用在方位名词前,某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。 on the left, in the east, in the morning, on the other hand, in the end, hit sb on the head, catch sb by the arm 9、用在形容词前表一类人。 the poor, the dead, the young, the rich, the
8、 wounded. 10、用在双方都知,不言而喻的名词前。 Give me the book. Whos the man? 用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。 the Smiths, the Greens, the Wangs, the Turners 11、用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物(指整个一类)。 The horse is a useful animal. The computer was invaded not long ago. (但更多时候表特指:The horse is ill. ) 12、指世纪的年代。 in the 1890s 或 in the 1890s 13、用在表
9、示乐器的名词前。 play the piano (the guitar, the violin, the flute) 14、用在某国语言前,构成 the language 的形式。 The English language is very widely used all over the world. 如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式,则不用 the。 Chinese has the largest number of speakers in the world. 15、用于“论(或按)计”之类的意思。 He got paid by the hour. They sell the cloth
10、by the meter. 三、不用冠词的场合。 1、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。 China, Johnson;Air is matter.Sound is invisible. 2、当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。 This book is good.I read my English book every day. 3、注:指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。my that book, 应该说:that book of mine. 街名、广场名、公园名前。 Wall Street. Tiananmen Square, Hyde Park. 4、省市、
11、大学名前。 Hubei Province (但 the Province of Hubei); Wuhan City(但 the City of Wuhan); Qinghua University(但:the University of Qinghua) 5、湖泊前一般不用冠词。 East Lake, Salt Lake, Dongting Lake 6、山峰前不用冠词。 Mount Hua, Mount Tai, Mount Everest 7、月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。 March, Christmas, Sunday;Have you had lunch?Spring is t
12、he best season of the years. (但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。I arrived here in the winter of 1993.) 8、称呼语,表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。 Whats this, John?We made Li Hai monitor. 9、学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。 We like maths.They often play football. 10、泛指的复数名词前。 Students must work hard at their lesson. 11、与 by 连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。 by bus, by
13、hand, by radio, by air, by water. 冠词用法巩固练习冠词用法巩固练习 1. Im afraid I dare not speak in _ public. Just have _ try. A. a; 不填;B. 不填; a C. the; a D. the; the 2.As you know, _ man cant live without _ water. A. 不填; 不填;B. a; theC. a; 不填;D. 不填; the 3.The police have _ power to arrest bad people by _ law. A. th
14、e; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; 不填;D. the; 不填; 4.Paris is _ most beautiful city, where you can see _ famous Eiffel Tower. A. a; the B. a; 不填;C. the; a D. 不填; the 5. Do you like the novels? I dont like either of them. Please show me _ third one. A. aB. the C. XD. an 6.Keep away from the cage. _ lion is _ fi
15、erce animal. A. The; the B. A; the C. A; 不填;D. The; a 7.The class named _ Lei Fang is one of the best classed in this school. A. in honor of B. in the place of C. in favor of D. in the way of 8. What about _ bike? Do you think it all right to buy him that bike as _ birthday gift? A. a; a B. the; aC.
16、 a; the D. the ; the 9.First aid is _ science of giving _ medical care to _ person. A. the; 不填; a B. the; the; a C. a; 不填; the D. 不填; a; the 10.Please pay attention to your spelling. Youve dropped _ “n” here. A. an B. the C. 不填;D. a 11.Bill Clinton took _ office on January 20th, 1993, and became _ 4
17、2nd US President. A. an; the B. 不填; theC. the; 不填;D. 不填; 不填; 12. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning? I think I saw _ one somewhere. Is it _ red one? A. a; the; aB. a; a; theC. the; 不填; aD. a; 不填; a 13. The news is spreading from mouth to mouth. Yes, its become _ talk of _ town. A. a; a
18、B. the; 不填;C. the; theD. a; 不填; 14.Now the machine runs at double _. A. a speed B. speedC. the speedD. for speed 15. I hope you will be ready to leave on time. Dont worry. Ill be ready _ the taxi arrives. A. by the timeB. in time for C. at the time of D. until the time when 16.If he goes on swimming
19、 in that lake for _ four hours, he _ in it for twelve hours. A. another; will have been swimmingB. a; will swim C. other; has swumD. the; will be swimming 17. Charley Oakley, _ NBA All-star, hasnt missed _ game in past three years. I cant believe it. A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. an; the 18. What
20、did you think of the place? I didnt car for it at _ first, but after _ time I got to like it. A. 不填; the B. the; aC. the; 不填;D. 不填; a 19. In the past ten years, there have been many changes in family life. Are these changes _? A. better or worseB. for best or for worst C. for the good or for the bad
21、D. for the better or for the worse 20.The letter _. I should have received it this morning. A. is to be mailedB. has been mailedC. had been mailedD. was being mailed 21.Towards _ morning, _ heavy snow began to fall. A. the; aB. an; a C. a; 不填;D 不填; the 22.My mother is usually on _ duty in her office
22、 every _ few days. A. the; a B. 不填; aC. 不填; 不填;D. a; 不填; 23.He has finished _. A. a day workB. days workingC. a days workD. a day-work 24. May we come in right now? Certainly, but only two are allowed _. A. at a timeB. in a whileC. at one timeD. for a while 25.No wonder _ failed in the driving test
23、for _ second time. A. has she; the B. she has; the C. has she; aD. she has; a 26. When did you recognize her? _ I met her. A. A momentB. The moment C. The moment whenD. For a moment 27. Is this radio show still _? No. It will be broadcast again next month. A. by airB. through the airC. on the airD.
24、in the air 28.The evening meal for Americans is usually long and _ for families to gather together. A. time B. a dateC. a timeD. the date 29.Duffield White, who is in _ charge of the competition, said that the boy was the youngest winner of _ prize. A 不填; a B. the; the C. 不填; the D. one; the 30.The
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