最新高中化学方程式汇总(Highschoolchemistryequationsummary)优秀名师资料.doc
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1、高中化学方程式汇总(Highschoolchemistryequationsummary)高中化学方程式汇总(High school chemistry equation summary) Methane combustion CH4+2O2 - CO2+2H2O (condition for lighting) Methane is isolated from air by high temperature decomposition The decomposition of methane is very complex, and the following is the final de
2、composition. CH4 - C+2H2 (condition of high temperature, high pressure, catalyst) Methane and chlorine undergo substitution reactions CH4+Cl2 to CH3Cl+HCl CH3Cl+Cl2 to CH2Cl2+HCl CH2Cl2+Cl2 to CHCl3+HCl CHCl3+Cl2 = CCl4+HCl (conditions are light) Laboratory methane production CH3COONa+NaOH - Na2CO3+
3、CH4 (condition CaO heating) Ethylene combustion CH2=CH2+3O2 - 2CO2+2H2O (condition for lighting) Ethylene and bromine CH2=CH2+Br2 to CH2Br-CH2Br Ethylene and water CH2=CH2+H20 - CH3CH2OH (condition as catalyst) Ethylene and hydrogen chloride CH2=CH2+HCl to CH3-CH2Cl Ethylene and hydrogen CH2=CH2+H2
4、- CH3-CH3 (condition as catalyst) Ethylene polymerization NCH2=CH2 - -CH2-CH2-n- (condition as catalyst) Vinyl chloride polymerization NCH2=CHCl - -CH2-CHCl-n- (condition as catalyst) Laboratory production of ethylene CH3CH2OH, CH2=CH2 = +H2O (conditions for heating, concentrated H2SO4) Acetylene co
5、mbustion C2H2+3O2 - 2CO2+H2O (condition for lighting) Acetylene and bromine C2H2+2Br2 to C2H2Br4 Acetylene and hydrogen chloride Two step reaction: C2H2+HCl = C2H3Cl-C2H3Cl+HCl = C2H4Cl2 Acetylene and hydrogen Two step reaction: C2H2+H2 to C2H4 = C2H2+2H2 to C2H6 (condition as catalyst) 实验室制乙炔 cac2
6、+ 2h2o?ca (oh) 2 + c2h2? 以食盐、水、石灰石、焦炭为原料合成聚乙烯的方程式. caco3 = = = cao + co2 2cao + 50 = = = 2cac2 + co2 cac2 + 2h2o?c2h2 + ca (oh) 2 c + + h2o = = = co + h2 - 高温 c2h2 + h2?c2h4 - - - - 乙炔加成生成乙烯 c2h4可聚合 苯燃烧 2c6h6 + 15o2?12co2 + 6h2o (条件为点燃) 苯和液溴的取代 c6h6 + br2?c6h5br + hbr 苯和浓硫酸浓硝酸 c6h6 + hno3?c6h5no2 +
7、h2o (条件为浓硫酸) 苯和氢气 c6h6 + 3h2?c6h12 (条件为催化剂) 乙醇完全燃烧的方程式 c2h5oh + 3o2?2co2 + 3h2o (条件为点燃) 乙醇的催化氧化的方程式 2ch3ch2oh + o2?2ch3cho + 2h2o (条件为催化剂) (这是总方程式) 乙醇发生消去反应的方程式 ch3ch2oh?ch2 = ch2 + h2o (条件为浓硫酸 170摄氏度) 两分子乙醇发生分子间脱水 2ch3ch2oh?ch3ch2och2ch3 + h2o (条件为催化剂浓硫酸 140摄氏度) 乙醇和乙酸发生酯化反应的方程式 ch3cooh + c2h5oh?ch3
8、cooc2h5 + h2o 乙酸和镁 mg + 2ch3cooh? (ch3coo) 2mg + h2 乙酸和氧化钙 2ch3 cooh + cao? (ch3ch2) 2ch + h2o 乙酸和氢氧化钠 ch3cooch2ch3 + naoh?ch3coona + ch3ch2oh 乙酸和碳酸钠 Na2CO3+2CH3COOH and 2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2 increase Formaldehyde and new copper hydroxide HCHO+4Cu (OH) 2, 2Cu2O+CO2 = +5H2O The new system of acetaldehyde
9、 and copper hydroxide CH3CHO+2Cu to Cu2O (precipitation) +CH3COOH+2H2O Acetaldehyde is oxidized to acetic acid 2CH3CHO+O2 - 2CH3COOH (condition for catalyst or heating) O2 - CO2+2H2O (condition for lighting) Ethylene combustion CH2=CH2+3O2 - 2CO2+2H2O (condition for lighting) Acetylene combustion C2
10、H2+3O2 - 2CO2+H2O (condition for lighting) Benzene combustion 2C6H6+15O2 - 12CO2+6H2O (condition for lighting) Equation for complete combustion of ethanol C2H5OH+3O2 - 2CO2+3H2O (condition for lighting) An equation for the catalytic oxidation of ethanol 2CH3CH2OH+O2 - 2CH3CHO+2H2O (condition as cata
11、lyst) Catalytic oxidation of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO+O2 - 2CH3COOH (heating with catalyst) Substitution reaction: the substitution of some atoms or groups of atoms in an organic molecule by other atoms or groups of atoms. Methane and chlorine undergo substitution reactions CH4+Cl2 to CH3Cl+HCl CH3Cl+Cl
12、2 to CH2Cl2+HCl CH2Cl2+Cl2 to CHCl3+HCl CHCl3+Cl2 to CCl4+HCl (all conditions are light.) Concentrated nitric acid C6H6+HNO3 - C6H5NO2+H2O (condition is concentrated sulfuric acid) The substitution of benzene and benzene with halogen elements, concentrated nitric acid and so on. Such as: The concent
13、ration of bromine and substituted phenols. Such as: Substitution of alkanes and halogen elements in light. Such as: Esterification reaction. The reaction between an acid and an alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid to produce ester and water, in essence, is the reaction of carboxyl g
14、roups with hydroxyl groups to produce ester groups and water. Such as: Hydrolysis reaction. The substitution of -OH or -H in water molecules for the reaction of atoms or clusters in organic compounds is called hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of hydrogen halides to form alcohol. Such as: Hydrolysis of esters
15、yields carboxylic acids (carboxylic acids) and alcohols. Such as: Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate: CH3COOC2H5+H2O to CH3COOH+C2H5OH (the condition is inorganic acid base) Addition reaction. The reaction of unsaturated carbon atoms united with other atoms or atoms into other organic matter. Ethylene and
16、bromine CH2=CH2+Br2 to CH2Br-CH2Br Ethylene and water CH2=CH2+H20 - CH3CH2OH (condition as catalyst) Ethylene and hydrogen chloride CH2=H2+HCl to CH3-CH2Cl Ethylene and hydrogen CH2=CH2+H2 - CH3-CH3 (condition as catalyst) Acetylene and bromine C2H2+2Br2 to C2H2Br4 Acetylene and hydrogen chloride Tw
17、o step reaction: C2H2+HCl = C2H3Cl-C2H3Cl+HCl = C2H4Cl2 Acetylene and hydrogen Two step reaction: C2H2+H2 to C2H4-C2H2+2H2 = C2H6 (condition as catalyst) Benzene and hydrogen C6H6+3H2 - C6H12 (condition as catalyst) Elimination reaction. Organic molecules off a small molecule (water, hydrogen halide
18、, etc.) and produce unsaturated (double bond of carbon or carbon carbon triple) compounds. An equation for the elimination reaction of ethanol CH3CH2OH to CH2=CH2+H2O (condition is concentrated sulfuric acid 170 degrees Celsius) Intermolecular dehydration of ethanol occurs in two molecules 2CH3CH2OH
19、 - CH3CH2OCH2CH3+H2O (condition is catalyst, concentrated sulfuric acid 140 degrees Celsius) Olefins are hydrocarbons containing C=C bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons. The molecular formula of olefins is CnH2n, nonpolar molecules, insoluble or slightly soluble in water. Prone to addition, polymerizati
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