最新【三年中考】北京市-中考化学分类汇编:有关化学方程式的计算优秀名师资料.doc
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1、【三年中考】北京市2012-2014年中考化学分类汇编:有关化学方程式的计算北京市2012-2014年中考化学分类汇编 有关化学方程式的计算 34(3分)(2014北京)利用化学反应2Na+H2NaH收氢气的质量(可实现氢气的2存储,计算230g金属钠最多可吸收多少克的氢气( 解:设可吸收氢气的质量为x, 2Na+H2NaH 246 2 230g x =, x=10g, 答:可吸收氢气的质量为10g 35(3分)(2014北京)某厂烟气中SO的平均含量为0.032g/L,用780g硫化钠(NaS)22溶液恰好能吸收2000L 该厂烟气中的SO,反应的化学方程式为:2+3S?( 2NaS+5SO
2、+2HO?4NaHSO3222求理论上得到NaHSO溶液的质量(假设烟气中其他成分不能被吸收)( 3解:2000L 该厂烟气中的SO的质量:2000L0.032g/L=64g 2设生成 S 的质量为 x, 2NaS+5SO+2HO?4NaHSO+3S? 2223320 96 64g x x=19.2g 溶液质量 64g+780g,19.2g=824.8g( 答:得到 NaHSO 溶液的质量为 824.8g 334(3分)(2013北京)甲醇(CHOH)是基础的化工原料,制备原理为:3CO+2HCHOH(当消耗5.6kgCO时,计算生成甲醇的质量( 23解:设生成的甲醇的质量为x CO+2HCH
3、OH 2328 32 5.6kg x 解得:x=6.4kg 答:生成甲醇的质量是6.4kg steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel
4、 points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and
5、 anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to
6、 increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the
7、decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 35(3分)(2013北京)氧化亚铜(CuO)可用于生产船底防污漆,防止海生物对船舶设2备的污损(现将CuO和Cu的固体混合物6.8g放入烧杯中,加入过量的质量分数为20%的2稀硫酸30g,充分反应后,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到4.8g固体( 已知:CuO+
8、HSO=CuSO+Cu+HO 22442计算:(1)所加稀硫酸中溶质的质量为 6 g( (2)原混合物中CuO与Cu的质量比(写出过程,结果用最简整数比表示)( 2解:(1)所加稀硫酸中溶质的质量=20%30g=6g;故填:6; (2)设原混合物中含CuO的质量为x 2CuO+HSO=Cu+CuSO+HO 固体质量减少 22442144 64 144,64=80 x 6.8g,4.8g=2g x=3.6g 原混合物中Cu的质量=6.8g,3.6g=3.2g 原混合物中CuO与Cu的质量比=3.6:3.2=9:8 2答:原混合物中CuO与Cu的质量比9:8 2steel bolts, screw
9、s and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7
10、, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan ligh
11、t ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces a
12、nd decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid co
13、nstruction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 33(2012北京)氢气是最清洁的燃料,计算200g氢气完全燃烧消耗氧气的质量( 解:设消耗氧气的质量为x( 2H+O2HO 2224 32 200g x x=1600g 答:消耗氧气的质量为1600g( 34(2012北京)炼钢厂用含SO的废气制备CuSO(生产中,向混有CuO粉末的CuSO244溶液中通入废气,反应为:2CuO+2SO+O?2CuSO(欲制得溶质的质量分数为2
14、0%的CuSO2244溶液(用足量CuO粉末和5000g 5%的CuSO溶液处理废气(若每升废气中含有1.25g SO,42且SO被完全吸收,可处理废气多少升, 2解:5000g 5%的CuSO溶液中溶剂水的质量为:5000g(100%,5%)=4750g,溶剂的质4量不变,故溶质的质量分数为20%的CuSO溶液中水的质量为4750g,故可求出溶液的质4量为:=5937.5g,故溶质硫酸铜的质量为:5937.5g20%=1187.5g,原5000g 5%的CuSO4溶液中硫酸铜的质量为:5000g5%=250g,故反应生成的硫酸铜质量为:1187.5g,250g=937.5g 设生成937.5
15、g硫酸铜,需要废气的体积为x 2CuO+2SO+O?2CuSO 224128 320 x1.25g 937.5g x=300升 答:可处理废气300升( 25(2012北京)下列图象能正确反映对应变化关系的是( ) A( 向一定量的二氧化锰中加入过氧化氢溶液 B( 加热一定量的高锰酸钾固体 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plast
16、ic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and
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