最新六月终极预测高考化学+专题九+元素周期表+元素周期律名师解析优秀名师资料.doc
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1、(六月终极预测)2013年高考化学 专题九 元素周期表 元素周期律(名师解析)【六月终极预测】2013年高考化学预测专题九 元素周期表 元素周期律(名师解析) 【模拟演练】 1.(2012?龙岩模拟)短周期元素X、Y、Z在元素周期表中的位置如图所示,下列说法正确的是( ) A.X、Y、Z三种元素中,单质在常温下均为气态 B.Z的氢化物的稳定性比Y的强 C.Y的最高正化合价为+5 D.Y的单质的熔点比Z的低 2.(2012?杭州模拟)下列叙述正确的是( ) A.铅位于周期表中金属与非金属元素交界处,可做半导体材料 2-B.若存在简单阴离子R,则R一定属于第?A族元素 C.S和Se属于第?A族元素
2、,HS还原性比HSe的强 22D.元素原子最外层电子数较少的金属一定比最外层电子数较多的金属活泼性强 3.(2012?邯郸模拟)下列有关叙述:? 非金属单质N能从M的化合物中置换出非金属单质-M;? M原子比N原子容易得到电子;?两元素的阴离子在电极上放电时,N优先于M;?气态氢化物水溶液的酸性HM,HN;?氧化物水化物的酸性HMO,HNO;?单质熔点M,N。能mnmxny说明非金属元素M比N的非金属性强的是( ) A.? B.? C.? D.? 4.(2012?金华模拟)某同学在研究前18号元素时发现,可以将它们排成如图所示的“蜗牛”形状,图中每个“?”代表一种元素,其中O点代表氢元素。下列
3、说法中错误的是 ( ) A.离O点越远的元素原子半径越大 B.虚线相连的元素处于同一族 C.B元素是图中金属性最强的元素 D.A、B组成的化合物中可能含有共价键 5.(2012?九江模拟)如表是元素周期表的一部分,有关说法正确的是( ) engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20
4、201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fi
5、ne of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will c
6、harge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Depar
7、tment. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) perso
8、nal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of
9、 the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be 族 ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A ?A 周期 2 a b 3 d e f g h i ?a、b、e、f四种元素的原子半径:e,f,b,a ?h、i两种元素阴离子的还原性:h,I ?a、g两种元素氢化物的稳定性:a,g ?d、e、f三种元素最高价氧化物对应的水化物的碱性依次增强 ?八种元素中d元素的单质
10、还原性最强,i元素的单质氧化性最强 A.? B.? C.? D.? 6.(2012?揭阳模拟)已知X、Y、Z、W四种短周期主族元素在周期表中的相对位置如图所示,下列说法正确的是( ) X Y Z W A.W的原子序数可能是Y的原子序数的2倍 B.Z元素的原子半径可能比Y元素的小 C.W的气态氢化物的稳定性一定比Y的强 D.若Z的最高正价为+m,则X的最高正价也一定为+m 7.(2012?苏州模拟)下列推断符合实际的是( ) A.第n周期的最后一种金属元素处在第n-1族(1,n,7,n为正整数) B.m=1和m=7(m为最外层电子数)的元素单质能形成的化合物都是离子化合物 C.第n周期有n种主族
11、金属元素(1,n,7,n为正整数) D.m-n=5(m为最外层电子数,n为电子层数)的主族元素存在最强的对应含氧酸 2+3-8.(2011?温州模拟)已知短周期元素的离子:A、B、C、D都具有相同的电子层结构。abcd则下列叙述正确的是( ) A.原子半径:A,B,C,D B.原子序数:d,c,b,a 3-+2+C.离子半径:C,D,B,A D.单质的还原性:A,B,D,C 9.(2012?济南模拟)短周期主族元素A、B、C、D原子序数依次增大。已知:A、C的原子序数-occurred, the direct punishment 0.5ncerning administrative sanc
12、tions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident as co ly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, suchthe job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5
13、.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directs, on 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisionne of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible uni
14、t fined a fiusing gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team construction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, 2000 construction installation engineer
15、ing-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB502751000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be-long with 500strative leadership of the criticism, resultin
16、g in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, a100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the admini-ve notice of criticism and 501000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, gi-3) personal injury a
17、ccident occurs, the direct punishment 500of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility - 2 - 的差为8,A、B、C三种元素原子的最外层电子数之和为15,B原子最
18、外层电子数等于A原子最外层电子数的一半。下列叙述正确的是( ) A.原子半径:A,B,C,D B.四氧化三铁与B的反应是工业上大量生产铁的重要方法 C.D的最高价氧化物的水化物的酸性大于C的最高价氧化物的水化物的酸性 D.B的氧化物是酸性氧化物,可溶于氨水 10.(2012?六安模拟)香花石由前20号元素中的6种组成,其化学式为XY(ZWR)T,X、Y、32432Z为金属元素,Z的最外层电子数与次外层相等,X、Z位于同主族,Y、Z、R、T位于同周期,R最外层电子数为次外层的3倍,T无正价,X与R原子序数之和是W的2倍。下列说法错误的是( ) A.原子半径:Y,Z,R,T B.气态氢化物的稳定性
19、:W,R,T C.最高价氧化物对应的水化物碱性:X,Z D.XR、WR两化合物含有的化学键的类型相同 2211.(2011?中山模拟)A、B、C为短周期元素,在周期表中所处的位置如图所示。 A、C两元素的原子核外电子数之和等于B原子的质子数,B原子核内质子数和中子数相等。 (1)写出A、B、C三种元素的名称_、_、_。 (2)B位于元素周期表中第_周期,第_族。 (3)C的原子结构示意图为_,C的单质与H反应的化学方程式为2_。 (4)比较B、C的原子半径:B_C,写出A的气态氢化物与B的最高价氧化物对应的水化物反应的化学方程式_。 12.(2011?洛阳模拟)现有下列短周期元素性质的数据:
20、元素编号 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 元素性质 原子半径 0.74 1.60 1.52 1.10 0.99 1.86 0.75 1.43 e relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5rresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or ththe co.3 accident
21、 penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have k and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5to woreasures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200
22、Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective mfor acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle wi
23、thout the hot 2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor-6 HG2020198 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting -engineering construction and acceptance speci
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