最新初三化学复习化学方程式计算复习优秀名师资料.doc
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1、初三化学复习化学方程式计算复习巩固练习(答案附在练习后) 一、 图表型计算: 1、某学生在课外活动中用一定量的二价金属R和稀硫酸反应来制取氢气,所做5次实验结果记录如下表所示。(假设每次实验所产生的氢气全都被收集,体积在同温同压下测定) 实验编号 R的质量g 稀硫酸的体积 mL 生成氢气的体积 L 1 1.5 50.0 1.47 2 2.0 50.0 1.96 3 2.2 50.0 2.16 4 2.5 50.0 2.16 5 3.0 50.0 2.16 根据上述实验结果进行分析、计算,并回答下列问题: (1)上述实验中,金属一定过量的组的编号是_,稀硫酸一定过量的组编号是_。 (2)若在当时
2、的实验条件下,氢气的密度为0.085 g/L,则反应所用金属R的相对原子质量为_。 3(3)若所使用的稀硫酸密度为1.12 g/cm,则反应所用硫酸溶液中溶质的质量分数为_。 2、(08四川眉山)(6分)某化工厂生产的纯碱产品中常含有少量氯化钠,工厂的化验员对每批产品进行检测,标出各种成份后才能投放市场。某厂化验员取取样品44g于烧杯中加水将其溶解,然后分几次逐滴加入溶质质量分数为20%的稀盐酸,并不断搅拌,称量,将得到的steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 alumin
3、ium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofin
4、g and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformat
5、ion sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings fac
6、ing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if y
7、ou have damaged galvanized parts should 有关数据记录如下(注:加盐酸时首先发生反应是:NaCO + HCl = 23NaHCO + NaCl ,然后是NaHCO + HCl = NaCl + CO?+ HO) 3322加入稀盐酸质0 73 74 146 147 量/g 烧杯中溶液质200 273 273.76 328.4 329.4 量/g 请你根据题给信息和表中数据,回答下列问题: (1)加入 g稀盐酸开始产生二氧化碳,最多产生二氧化碳 g。 (2)计算出44g样品中各成份的质量。 3、某标示为5,的过氧化氢溶液已放置了一段时间,为了检验溶液的质量是否
8、发生变化(过氧化氢的质量分数是否仍为5,),取该溶液20 g使其在MnO作用下发生反应。实验结果记录如下: 2反应过程记录号(按时 1 2 3 4 5 间顺序) 产生O的质量,(g) 0.12 O(25 0.36 0.40 O(40 2试通过计算判断该溶液的质量是否已发生变化。 4、(08黑龙江)长时间使用的热水壶底部有一层水垢,主要成分是CaC0和Mg(OH)。学校化学研究性学习小组同学通过实验想测定水32垢中CaC0的含量为多少。他们取200g水垢,加入过量的稀盐酸,3同时测量5分钟(min)内生成CO质量,测量数据如下表: 2时间/ min 1 2 3 4 5 生成CO的质量/g 30
9、50 60 66 66 2steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, a
10、nd aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall
11、top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall stru
12、cture 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress
13、and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 计算: ?4 min后,水垢中的CaC0是否反应完全, 3?该水垢中CaC0的质量分数是多少, 3二、图像型计算题 1、(济南)在一烧杯中盛有100gBaCl和HCl的混合溶液,向其中逐2渐滴加溶质质量分数为10%的NaCO溶液,混合溶液的质量与所滴入23NaCO溶液的质量关系曲线如图所示: 23请根据题意回答问题:
14、(1)在实验过程中,有气体放出,还可以看到的明显实验现象是 。 (2)在实验过程中放出气体的总质量为 g。 (3)当滴入NaCO溶液至图中B点时,通过计算求此所得不23烧杯饱和溶液中溶质质量分数是多少,(计中溶B 液算结果精确到0.1%) A 的质量/g 滴入NaCO溶液的质量/g 0 106g 212g 23 2、(08湖北恩施)(5分)已知 NaCO的水溶液呈碱性,在一烧杯中盛23有20.4g NaCO和NaCI 组成的固体混合物。向其中逐渐滴加溶质质23分数为10,的稀盐酸。放出气体的总质量与所滴入稀盐酸的质量关系曲线如下图所示,请根据题意回答问题: (1) 当滴加稀盐酸至图中B点时,烧
15、杯中溶液的 pH 7(填,、,、,。 (2) 当滴加稀盐酸至图中A点时,烧杯中为不饱和溶液 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel
16、 points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and
17、 anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to
18、 increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the
19、decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not . Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should (常温),通过计算求出其中溶质的质量分数。(计算结果 保留一位小数) 3、.(08河北)(5分)过氧化氢溶液长期保存会自然分解,使得溶质质量分数减小。小军从家中拿来一瓶久置的医用过氧化氢溶液,和同学们一起测定溶质质量分数。他们取出该溶液51g,加入适量二
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