最新高一化学必修一期末试题-1优秀名师资料.doc
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1、高一化学必修一期末试题-1高一年级化学试卷 考试时间:120分钟 可能用到的相对原子质量:H:1 C:12 O:16 k:39 Cl:35.5 Na:23 Ba:137 S:32 一、选择题 本题包括18个小题 ,共54分,每小题中只有一个选项符合题目要求。 1(下列各组物质,按强电解质、弱电解质、非电解质的顺序排列的是( ) A(NaCl、BaSO、SO B(Cu、CHC00H、酒精 4 23C(氯化钠晶体、水、酒精 D(KNO、NH?HO、CaCO3323 2(下列离子方程式书写正确的是( ) +-?将金属Na投入水中:2Na,2HO,2Na,2OH,H? 222+-+2-?在硫酸溶液中加
2、入氢氧化钡溶液至中性:Ba,OH,H,SO,BaSO?,HO 442,+?碳酸氢钙溶液中滴加盐酸:HCO,H,CO?,HO 322+2-,?碳酸钙中滴加盐酸:CO,2HCO?,HO ,322A(? B(? C(? D(? 33(我国 “嫦娥”探月工程已正式启动。据科学家预测,月球的土壤中吸附着数百万吨的,He23每百吨核聚变所释放出的能量相当于目前人类一年消耗的能量。在地球上,氦元素He24主要以的形式存在。下列说法正确的是( ) He243 A(原子核内含有4个质子 B(原子核内含有3个中子 HeHe223434C(和是同种元素的两种原子 D(和的化学性质不同 HeHeHeHe22224(在
3、一定温度下,向饱和苛性钠溶液中放一定量的过氧化钠,充分反应后恢复到原温度,下列有关说法中,正确的是( ) +A(溶液中Na数目增加 B(溶液中Na数目减少 -C(溶液中OH浓度减少 D(溶液中OH浓度增大 5(把4.48L CO通过一定量的固体过氧化钠后收集到3.36L气体(气体的测量均在标准状2况下),则这3.36L气体的质量是( ) A(6.0g B(5.6g C(4.8g D(3.8g 6(相同物质的量的NaO和NaO的比较中,不正确的是( ) 222A(两种物质所含原子个数之比为4?3 B(两种物质所含离子个数之比为4?3 C(两种物质与足量的CO反应,消耗气体的质量比为1?1 2D(
4、两种物质与等质量且足量的水反应得到溶液的质量分数之比为1?1 7. 设N表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列叙述正确的是( ) AA(1mol氖气所含的原子数为2N A5B. 25?,1.0110 Pa, 64g SO中含有的分子数为N 2AC(在标准状况下,1L水所含分子数为(1/22.4)NA D. 1mol过氧化钠和足量水反应时转移的电子数为2N A8(依照阿伏加德罗定律,下列叙述正确的是( ) A.同温同压下,两种气体的物质的量之比等于其密度比 B.同温同压下,两种气体的体积比等于其摩尔质量比 C.同温同体积,两种气体的质量比等于其摩尔质量比 D.同温同压下,两种气体的物质的量比等于其体积比
5、9.下列物质:?Cl?Na ?NaO?F分别与水反应,氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为1:12 22 2that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practice, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General
6、of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select some life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge
7、Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operation sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand,
8、 to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Governments decision to carry forward the work. 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal l
9、iteracy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special on intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether
10、meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recommends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenome
11、non, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly 的是( ) A.? B.? C.? D.? 10. Cl在70?的NaOH水溶液中,能同时发生两个自身氧化还原反应,完全反应后,测得2溶液中NaClO与NaClO的物质的量之比为4:1,则溶液中NaCl与NaClO的物质的量之3比为( ) A( 1:1 B( 5:1 C( 9:4 D( 11:2 11.将0.18molMnO与过量12mol/L的浓盐酸反应,将60mL12mol/L的浓盐酸与足量的MnO22反应
12、,两者产生的Cl相比( ) 2A.一样多 B.前者较后者多 C.后者较前者多 D.无法比 12(随着卤素(从氟到碘)原子半径的增大,单质的下列递变规律正确的是( ) A(密度逐渐减小,颜色逐渐加深 B(氧化性逐渐增强 C(还原性逐渐减弱 D(与氢化合逐渐变困难 13. 下列实验操作均要用玻璃棒,其中玻璃棒作用相同的是( ) ? 过滤 ? 蒸发 ? 溶解 ? 向容量瓶转移液体 A(?和? B(?和? C(?和? D(?和? 14. 有下列溶质组:?KCl、NaSO ,?KCl、NaSO、NaCl,?NaCl、NaSO、KSO ,42242424+-+?KCl、KSO、NaSO。实验室要配制一种混
13、合溶液,已知溶液中c (K) = c (Cl) = 1/2 c (Na) 2424 2-= c (SO),则其所选的溶质组可以是( ) 4A(只有?或? B(只有?或? C(只有? D(?或?或? 15.在一体积固定的密闭容器中,充入一定量的CO和CO的混合气体,加入足量的NaO固体222(体积可忽略),在电火花不断引燃的条件下充分反应。待恢复至原温度时,容器内的压强变为原来的1/4,则原混合气体中CO的体积分数为( ) A.25, B.30, C.50, D.60, 16.下列实验操作完全正确的是( ) 编号 实 验 操 作 用镊子从煤油中取出金属钠,切下绿豆大小,放入装满水A 钠与水的反应
14、 的烧杯中 配制一定浓度的氯准确称取氯化钾固体,放入到500 mL的容量瓶中,加水溶B 化钾溶液500 mL 解、振荡、摇匀、定容 C 闻氯气的方法 用手轻轻地在瓶口扇动,使极少量氯气飘进鼻孔 D 取出分液漏斗中所下层液体从分液漏斗下端管口放出,关闭活塞,换一个烧需的上层液体 杯,上层液体继续从分液漏斗下端管口放出 17. 痕检是公安机关提取犯罪嫌疑人指纹的一种重要的方法,AgNO显现法就是其中的一种:3人的手上有汗渍,接触过白纸后,手指纹线就留在纸上。如果将溶液?小心地涂在纸上,溶液?中的溶质就跟汗渍中的物质?作用,生成物质?,物质?在光照下,分解出的银粒呈灰褐色,随着反应的进行,银粒逐渐增
15、多,由棕色变成黑色的指纹线。则?的化学式是( ) A、?AgNO?NaBr ?AgBr B、?AgNO?NaCl ?AgCl 3 3 C、?AgCl ?AgNO?NaCl D、?AgNO?NaI ?AgI 3 3 ,118. 在标准状况下,将V L气体A(摩尔质量为M g?mol)溶于100ml水中,所得溶液密-3度为d g?cm,则该溶液的物质的量浓度为( ) 1000VdVd,1,1mol,Lmol,L A( B( 22402240MV,MV,that selecting the right combination of ancestor spirits and local practic
16、e, selecting the right combination of leadership and grass-roots, selecting the right research and work needs Of combined points, selected associate particularity and General of combined points, carefully selected some has representative of rural and enterprise as research contact points, select som
17、e life in front line, and fighting in most frontier of workers and farmers as discussion object, real do sank down, and squat have live, asked meter Yu grass-roots, knowledge Yu practice, makes investigation of results has more strong of ideological, and policy sex, and constructive and can operatio
18、n sex. Third, to put the findings into practice. On one hand, you want to research embodied in the speech and file, improving the quality of your presentation. The other hand, to promote the transformation of research results as soon as possible to the Governments decision to carry forward the work.
19、 4, standardized procedures, strictly, a really good job handling official documents. One is to strict customs policies and regulations. Office workers need to enhance legal literacy and professional quality to effectively document audit checks work, raise the level of document processing. Special o
20、n intends released of documents, not only to seriously audit documents of style, and format, as appropriate text, more important of also to audit documents of content whether meet legal regulations and existing policy; involved people vital interests of whether heard has the aspects views and recomm
21、ends; involved legal regulations of documents, whether sought has Government legal sector of views, avoid file and file fight, and regulations and regulations fight of phenomenon, ensure issued of documents specification, and legal, and unified. Second is to strictly 1000VdMMV,1,1 C( D( mol,Lmol,L22
22、40MV,22.4(0.1)V,d二、本题包括2个小题 ,共18分 19.(12分)实验室有甲、乙两瓶无色溶液,其中一瓶是稀盐酸,另一瓶是碳酸钠溶液。为测定甲、乙两瓶溶液的成分及物质的量浓度,进行以下实验: ?取20mL甲溶液,向其中缓慢滴入乙溶液25mL,共收集到112mL(标准状况)气体。 ?取25mL乙溶液,向其中缓慢滴入甲溶液20mL,共收集到56mL(标准状况)气体。 (1)判断:甲是 溶液,乙是 溶液;(均填化学式) (2)实验中所发生反应的离子方程式为(写两个): ; (3)甲溶液的物质的量浓度为 mol/L,乙溶液的物质的量浓度为 mol/L 20.(6分)某固体混合物可能由K
23、Cl、NaSO、KI、CuCl、CaCl和NaCO中的一种或几种组242223成。依次进行下列实验: ?混合物加水得无色透明溶液; ?向上述溶液中加入过量BaCl溶液有白色沉淀生成,将沉淀滤出,并将滤液分成两份; 2?上述白色沉淀可部分溶于稀盐酸; ?往一份滤液中滴加氯水并加入苯,振荡后静置,上层接近无色; ?往另一份滤液中加入AgNO溶液,有白色沉淀生成,再加稀硝酸沉淀不溶解。根据以上3;肯定没有 ;可能含有 。 实验,混合物中肯定含有三、本题包括2个小题 ,共22分 21.(6分)利用右图所示装置制备氧气并进行相关实验探究。 (1)将3.9g过氧化钠放入烧瓶中,加入100mLHO,用排水法
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