最新高中化学有机化学基础习题第四章质量检测优秀名师资料.doc
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1、高中化学有机化学基础习题第四章质量检测第四章质量检测 时间:90分钟 满分:100分 第?卷(选择题共45分) 1(2010?江西省白鹭洲中学高二期末)下列实验不能用水浴加热的是( ) A(苯的硝化制硝基苯 B(乙酸乙酯的水解 C(用乙醇制乙醚 D(麦芽糖与银氨溶液的反应 答案 C 2(2010?福建卷)下列关于有机物的正确说法是( ) A(聚乙烯可发生加成反应 B(石油干馏可得到汽油、煤油等 C(淀粉、蛋白质完全水解的产物互为同分异构体 D(乙酸乙酯、油脂与NaOH溶液反应均有醇生成 答案 D 解析 本题考查考生对常见有机物性质的理解和运用。聚乙烯中碳碳之间以单键相连不能发生加成反应A项错误
2、,石油分馏得到汽油、煤油等B项错误:淀粉完全水解的产物为葡萄糖蛋白质完全水解的产物为氨基酸C项错误,乙酸乙酯与NaOH溶液反应生成乙酸钠和乙醇油脂与NaOH溶液反应生成高级脂肪酸钠和甘油D项正确。 3(某保健品的主要成分的结构简式为: 下列对该保健品主要成分的推论正确的是( ) A(其分子式为CHNO 131622B(能水解,但不能得到乙酸 C(能与溴水发生加成反应 D(其官能团均与葡萄糖相同 答案 C 解析 该物质的分子式为CHNO其官能团有141822能生成CHCOOH。 34(糖类、油脂、蛋白质是人类基本营养物质,关于糖类、油脂、蛋白质的说法正确的是( ) A(单糖可以发生水解反应 B(
3、油脂皂化是取代反应,硬化也是取代反应 C(氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质都具有两性 D(饱和NaSO、CuSO溶液均可用于蛋白质的盐析 244答案 C 解析 单糖是不能再水解的糖A错,油脂的硬化是加成反应B错,饱和NaSO24溶液使蛋白质发生盐析CuSO溶液使蛋白质变性。 45(有关天然产物水解的叙述不正确的是( ) (A(油脂水解可得到丙三醇 B(可用碘检验淀粉水解是否完全 C(蛋白质水解的最终产物均为氨基酸 D(纤维素水解与淀粉水解得到的最终产物不同 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 comp
4、ressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, ea
5、ch operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no per
6、mit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leade
7、rship, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as conc
8、erning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4)
9、to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be 答案 D 解析 纤维素和淀粉都是由多个葡萄糖单元组成的所以水解的最终产物均为葡萄糖。 6(下列叙
10、述中,正确的是( ) ?能发生酯化反应的酸一定是羧酸 ?油脂水解后得到的醇都是丙三醇 ?天然蛋白质水解的最后产物是多种,氨基酸 ?淀粉、纤维素、油脂都是高分子化合物 ?蛋白质溶液中加入饱和KSO溶液后,蛋白质从溶液中析出,这种变化叫变性 24A(只有? B(? C(? D(? 答案 C 解析 ?无机酸也可以发生酯化反应?油脂不是高分子化合物?此变化为蛋白质的盐析而不是变性。 7(下列同组的两物质,不是同分异构体的是( ) (A(乙醇和甲醚 B(苯甲醇和甲基苯酚 C(淀粉和纤维素 D(硝基乙烷和氨基乙酸 答案 C 8(血红蛋白是由574个氨基酸构成的蛋白质,含四条多肽链,在形成肽链过程中,其肽键
11、的数目和脱下的水分子数分别是( ) A(573和573 B(570和570 C(572和572 D(571和571 答案 B 解析 若有n个氨基酸分子缩合成m条肽链则可形成(n,m)个肽键脱去(n,m)个水分子。 9(下列四种物质对蛋白质的影响,其中一种与其他三种有本质不同的是( ) A(福尔马林 B(苯酚 C(NaCl D(CuSO 4答案 C 解析 A、B、D三种物质能使蛋白质变性而C加入蛋白质溶液中能发生盐析现象加水能复原。 10(能用于鉴别淀粉、肥皂和蛋白质三种溶液的试剂是( ) A(碘水 B(烧碱溶液 C(浓硝酸 D(MgSO溶液 4答案 C 解析 蛋白质与浓硝酸作用变黄色浓硝酸与肥
12、皂液作用会产生难溶于水的高级脂肪酸沉淀而淀粉与浓硝酸不反应。 11(丰县模拟)含有下列结构片段的蛋白质在胃液中水解,不可能产生的氨基酸是 engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering construction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering con
13、struction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and p
14、rovisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties
15、 (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the
16、direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment
17、500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences,
18、 the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (5) significant near miss should be 答案 D 解析 根据蛋白质的片段结构可知其水解的产物中含有的物质为CHCH(NH)COOH、HNCHCOOH和HSCHCH(NH)COOH。 32222212(医治脱毛、伤寒、神经痛、气喘的胱氨酸分子的结构简式为,下列说法不正确的是( ) (A(此分子的相对分子质量为240 B(此分子中氮元素的质量分数大于12% C(可以形成酸式盐 D(既可与强酸反应,又可与强碱反应 答案 B 142解析 胱氨酸的分子式
19、为(CHNOS)相对分子质量为240,N元素质量分数为3622240100%,11.67%小于12%,分子中有两个COOH能形成酸式盐,分子中既含COOH又含NH所以既能与强碱反应又能与强酸反应。 213(被称为“脑黄金”的DHA是从深海鱼油中提取出的不饱和程度很高的脂肪酸,它的分子中有6个,称为二十六碳六烯酸,则其甘油酯的分子结构简式为( ) A(CHCOO)CH 2551335B(CHCOO)CH 2539335C(CHCOO)CH 2641335D(CHCOO)CH 2647335答案 B 解析 饱和的二十六碳酸应为CHCOOH含有6个碳碳双键的二十六碳烯酸则2551应减少12个氢原子即
20、CHCOOH。 253914(2008年的诺贝尔化学奖被三位科学家共同获得,以表彰他们在“发现和研究绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein简称GFP)方面做出的贡献”。GFP需要在氧化状态下产生荧光,强化还原剂能使GFP转变为非荧光形式,但一旦重新暴露在空气或氧气中,GFP荧光便立即得到恢复。下列说法不正确的是( ) (engineering construction and acceptance specification for 5 GB50275-98 compressor, fan and pump installation engineering const
21、ruction and acceptance specification for lifting 6 HG20201-2000 construction installation engineering construction standard 7, HG . Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the h
22、ot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the prov
23、isions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 12 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions,
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