《一般现在时与一般过去时的用法探析.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《一般现在时与一般过去时的用法探析.doc(15页珍藏版)》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、一般现在时与一般过去时的用法探析 一般现在时和一般过去时是英语中最基本的时态,也是学习其他时态的基础。因此我们有必要探讨分析这两种时态的用法,以便更好地掌握并运用。 一般现在时 一般现在时通常表示现在经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。一般现在时常与often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, every day, on Saturdays, once a week, twice a year, four times a day 等时间状语连用,这些时间状语可看作是该时态的标志。例如: She sometimes talks with foreigne
2、rs in Japanese. 她有时用日语和外国人交谈。 He goes to the cinema once a month. 他每月看一次电影。 1.构成: 一般现在时主要有两种形式: (1)动词be型: be 指is, am, are,我们要会区别运用:我(I)用am 你(you)用are, is 连着他(he)她(she)它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。例如: I am from England. Are you from England, too? 我来自英国,你也来自英国吗? Her pencil sharpener is blue. 她的铅笔刀是蓝色的。 The
3、se girl students are all 16. 这些女生都16岁了。 (2)实义动词型: 一般谓语动词用原形,主语是单数第三人称时,用第三人称单数形式,即谓语动词加-s/-es。例如: I often go to bed at 11 oclock. 我经常在11点睡觉。 Jack studies in a famous middle school. 杰克在一所有名的中学学习。 2.句式: (1)动词be: 变否定,很容易,后加not 就可以;变疑问,要知晓,一提二改三问号。 注释:肯定句改写为否定句时,就在be后面加上not;改为一般疑问句时,把be提到句首,改为大写,句尾加上问号。
4、例如: They are Chinese. They arent Chinese. Are they Chinese? 肯定回答与否定回答:Yes, they are./No, they arent. (2)谓语动词是行为动词时: 改疑问,变否定,do 或does 就要用。改疑问,一添二改三问号;变否定,dont, doesnt 动前添。 注释:肯定句改写为疑问句时,句首添上do 或does(用于单三),动词改为原形,句尾加上问号;改为否定句时,在动词前面加上dont 或doesnt(用于单三),动词改为原形。例如: Tom does his homework in the afternoon
5、. Tom doesnt do his homework in the afternoon. Does Tom do his homework in the afternoon? 肯定回答与否定回答:Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 3.用法: (1)一般现在时表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。例如: Mr. Wang usually goes to work on foot. 王先生通常步行上班。 Do you call your parents every morning? 你每天早晨都给你父母打电话吗? (2)一般现在时还可以表示客观事实、规律或普遍真理。例如:
6、 Many western people dont like the number 13. 许多西方人不喜欢数字13。 Four plus two is six. 四加二等于六。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。 (3)在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中,可用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。例如: Ill tell you as soon as Li Xiao comes back. 李晓一回来我就告诉你。 Well visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow.
7、 如果明天天气好的话,我们就去登长城。 (4)在某些以here, there 开头的倒装句中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。例如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 (5)用于格言,警句,文章标题,剧本,图片说明或对故事的转述等。例如: Jack throws the ball to John and John catches it. He jumps and casts it into the basket. 杰克把球扔给约翰,约翰接住球,跳起来把球投进篮里。 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在
8、的状态,还表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、状态。一般过去时经常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), last night(昨天晚上), last week/month/term/spring/year(上周/月/学期/去年春天,去年), three days ago(三天以前), in 2000(在2000年), just now(刚才), at the age of 12(在12岁时), one day(一天), long long ago(很久很久以前), once upon a time(从前)等,也可以用在w
9、hen, since 等连词引导的从句中。例如: Bob went to Shenzhen three weeks ago. 鲍勃三周前去了深圳。 Children got up early on the morning of June 1. 孩子们在六月一日的早晨起床很早。 When I was a child, I often went to the park with my father. 当我还是个孩子的时候,我经常和父亲去公园。 1.构成: 一般过去时的谓语动词要用过去式形式。 动词be 有was, were 两个过去式,was是is, am 的过去式,用于第一、三人称单数;were
10、是are 的过去式,用于第二人称及其他人称的复数。 实义动词的过去式分两种情况:不规则变化的需要参照不规则动词表,牢固记忆;规则变化的在词尾加-ed,这种变化规则可速记为“直”“去”“双”“改”四字诀: (1)一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。例如: walkwalked, playplayed, workworked, needneeded (2)以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d。例如: likeliked, livelived, hopehoped, changechanged (3)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed。例如: stopst
11、opped, dropdropped, fitfitted, begbegged (4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y改为i,再加-ed。例如: studystudied, worryworried, crycried, trytried 注意:规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循:清后/t/,元浊/d/,/t/ /d/ 之后读/id/。 (1)清辅音结尾的动词后的-ed要读/t/。例如:stopped, worked, finished (2)元音或浊辅音结尾的动词后的-ed 要读/d/。例如:studied, called, begged (3)/t/ /d/ 结尾的动词后的-ed 要读/i
12、d/。例如:started, wanted, needed 2.句式: (1)肯定句:主语+过去式+其它。 注意:动词be的过去式要正确选用;实义动词过去式没有人称和数的变化。例如: George was 14 last year. 乔治去年14岁了。 Her parents lived in Beijing when she was born. 她出生时她的父母就住在北京了。 (2)否定句: 动词be 的否定句:主语+wasnt/werent+其它; 实义动词的否定句:主语+didnt+动词原形+其它。 注意:动词前有didnt 时,一定要用动词原形。例如上两句可以改为: George wa
13、snt 14 last year. Her parents didnt live in Beijing when she was born. (3)疑问句: 动词be 的一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其它? 实义动词的一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它? 可用此口诀加强记忆:一添(Did)二改(原形)三问号。例如上两句可以改为: Was George 14 last year? 肯定回答与否定回答:Yes, he was./No, he wasnt. Did her parents live in Beijing when she was born? 肯定回答与否定回答:Yes,
14、they did./No, they didnt. 变特殊疑问句时,就是在一般疑问句的前面加上特殊疑问词。例如: When was George 14? 乔治什么时候14岁? Where did her parents live when she was born? 她出生时她父母住在哪儿? 3.用法: (1)表示过去某一时刻所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与确定的过去时间状语连用,有时也可以不用时间状语。例如: I wasnt in yesterday evening. 昨天晚上我不在家。 They went home at twelve last Sunday. 上个星期天他们12点回的家。
15、What was the final score? 最后的比分怎样? 注意:一般过去时有时也可与现在关系较为密切的时间状语连用,如today, this morning, this year等。例如: Did you see my watch this morning? 今天早晨你看见我的手表了吗? 一般过去时不与now连用,但可与just now连用。例如: Mr Bell called just now telling you not to worry about him. 贝尔先生刚才打电话来告诉你不要为他担心。 How did you like her performance? 你觉得
16、她的表演怎么样? (2)表示过去经常发生的习惯性动作或状态,常与always, often, sometimes 等表示频度的副词连用。例如: We often played soccer after school last term. 上学期我们经常在放学后踢足球。 She sometimes came to help us at that time. 那时候她有时来帮我们。 (3)表示在过去所发生的一系列动作。例如: Tina got up, washed her teeth, had a quick breakfast and went to work every day half a
17、year ago. 半年前,蒂娜每天都是起床,刷牙,匆忙地吃早饭,然后去上班。 (4)表示过去预计、安排要发生的事情。例如: The old man said the train arrived at 10. 那位老人说火车10点到。 We learned that Mr. Chen went to the meeting the next day. 我们听说陈先生第二天去开会。 (5)表示已逝去的人或事时。例如: Qian Xuesen was a great scientist. 钱学森是一位伟大的科学家。 Lei Feng set a good example to the people
18、 throughout the world. 雷锋为全世界的人们树立了一个好榜样。 (6)在条件或时间状语从句中,当主句的谓语动词用了过去的某种时态,那么从句中的谓语动词通常要用一般过去时。例如: The Smiths were eating lunch when I came in. 当我进来的时候,史密斯一家正在吃午饭。 I would tell her the bad news if she came back. 如果她回来,我会告诉她这个坏消息的。 (7)用情态动词的过去时代替现在时表示态度谦虚、客气、委婉、有礼貌。例如: Could you lend me some money? 你
19、可以借给我点钱吗? Would you like to go out for a walk with me? 你愿意和我出去散步吗? 巩固练习 (一)用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. We usually _ a meeting on Friday evening. (hold) 2. People in England and the USA _ their middle names very much. (not use) 3. The young girl _the trees every afternoon. (water) 4. _ afraid of that, little bo
20、y. (not be) 5. _ Li Lei often _ basketball? (play) 6. The teacher said that the earth _ round the sun. (go) 7. Youd better _ some warmer clothes. (wear) 8. As soon as she _ here tomorrow she will come to see us. (get) 9. Jimmy will join us if he _ time next Sunday. (have) 10. Mary _ in the primary s
21、chool, doesnt she? (study) 11. How _ Mings weekend? (be) It was great. 12. I _ my first girl friend in the street yesterday. (meet) 13. My best classmate _ the new text for me just now. (not copy) 14. The nurse _ a pair of pink boots the day before yesterday. (buy) 15. The brave man _ the people on
22、the bus, didnt he? (save) 16. The baby _ crying when she heard the soft music. (stop) 17. When I _ a child, we always _ the hill together. (be, climb) 18. Lucy locked the door and _. (leave) 19. _ Nancy _ New York City? (visit) Yes, she did. 20. What did you do five days ago? We _ books at the libra
23、ry. (read) (二)按要求改写句子,一空一词。 1. Gina spends an hour in doing her homework every day. (改为否定句) Gina _ _ an hour _ _ her homework every day. 2. They are in the hospital now. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) “_ they in the hospital now?” “_, they _.” 3. My neighbour wants her son to be a doctor. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) “_ your n
24、eighbour _ her son to be a doctor?” “_, she _.” 4. Students from Class 1 clean the schoolyard twice a day. (对划线部分提问) (1) (2) (3) (1) _ _ the schoolyard twice a day? (2) _ _ students from Class 1 _ twice a day? (3)_ _ _ students from Class 1 _ the schoolyard? 5. It was snowy the whole week. (改为一般疑问句并
25、作肯定回答) “_ it snowy the whole week?” “_, it _.” 6. Vera went to the beach on vacation. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) “_ Vera _ to the beach on vacation?” “_, she _.” 7. He ate some rice for lunch yesterday. (改为否定句) He _ _ _ rice for lunch yesterday. 8. Old Henry didnt want to buy anything. (改为同义句) Old Henry _ to b
26、uy _. 9. did, Dick, say, about, the, what, shops (连词成句) _ _ _ _ _ _ _? 10. Xiao Hui often helped the old woman do the housework last year. (对划线部分提问) (1)(2) (3) (1) _ _ Xiao Hui often _ do the housework last year? (2) _ _ Xiao Hui often _ the old woman _ last year? (3) _ _ Xiao Hui often _ the old wo
27、man do the housework? Key:(一)1.hold 2.dont use 3.waters 4.Dont be 5.Does; play 6.goes 7.wear 8.gets 9.has 10.studies 11.was 12.met 13.didnt copy 14.bought 15.saved 16.stopped 17.was; climbed 18.left19.Did; visit 20.read (二)1.doesnt spend; in doing 2.Are; Yes; are 3.Does; want; No; doesnt 4.(1)Who clean/cleans (2)What do; do (3)How often do; clean 5.Was; Yes; was 6.Did; go; No; didnt7.didnt eat any 8.wanted, nothing 9.What did Dick say about the shops 10.(1)Who/Whom did; help (2)What did; help; do(3)When did; help
链接地址:https://www.31doc.com/p-1592268.html