不同处理对柱花草种子的产量和质量的影响.doc
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1、不同处理对柱花草种子的产量和质量的影响Abstract The effect of different base fertilizers, planting densities, topdressings, irrigation times and harvest methods on the yield and quality of Stylosanthes guianensis seed was analyzed in this paper by S. guianensis cv. Reyan No.5 as material. The results showed that seed y
2、ield and quality of those with three P fertilizer levels are higher than thoses with no P. Treatment 0.07 kg/m2 has higher P fertilizer level, is 358.50 kg/hm2, three different P fertilized levels were almost equal. The seed purity and thousand seed weight of 2 kg/15m2 P level fertilizer is lowest,
3、respectively 8.87 % and 2.42 g. When planting density is 0.5 m1.0 m, the yield is highest, arrived to 448.63 kg/hm2. The seed purity, thousand seed weight and seed emergence rate in which the line space between seeds is 1 m are higher than in which the space line is 0.5 m. The seed purity is 9.12%,
4、thousand seed weight is 2.63 g and seed emergence rate is 74.33%. With no P topdressed, the seed yield is lowest, 339.96 kg/hm2. The seed purity, thousand seed weight and seed emergence rate are stable. The seed yield have little difference between three different irrigation methods. The thousand se
5、ed weight and seed emergence rate reach the lowest point with no irrigation, 2.48 g and 42.44%, respectively. The seed yield of Via tectorial membrane harvest is highest, 370.79 kg/hm2. The lowest seed yield and thousand seed weight are cutting seeds when they were ripe, 197.42 kg/hm2 and 2.47 g, re
6、spectively. The research provides some theoretical foundation for the S. guianensis production and prataculture progress. Keywords S. guianensis ; seed ; yield ; quality ; effect 柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)具有固氮、速生、耐割、适用性、耐旱性强等特点,适口性好,是牛、羊等畜禽喜食的热带、亚热带地区重要的豆科牧草和饲料植物1-2,是适宜干热河谷旱坡地种植的优良牧草。目前,我国热带豆科牧草中柱
7、花草已占80%以上,累计种植面积10万hm2,分布在广东、广西、海南、云南、福建等省区3。元谋干热河谷高温干旱4-5,旱季集中在9月至第2年6月,干旱造成土地开裂,此时期是柱花草生产季节,给柱花草种子生产带来影响。已有学者开展不同种植密度对柱花草种子产量的影响6,但在施肥、灌水及采收方式对柱花草种子产量和质量的影响方面的研究不多。且柱花草种子成熟不一致,成熟的种子易脱落在地里,现有的种子采收方法难以收集和清除杂质,影响种子产量和质量,造成种子产量损失严重,费工费时,操作性不强。本文根据柱花草种子采收中存在的问题,研究磷肥(普钙)为底肥、种植密度、追肥(尿素)、灌水次数及采收方式对柱花草种子产量
8、和质量的影响,目的是为云南及区域柱花草的种子生产提供理论依据。 1 材料与方法 1.1 材料 1.1.1 供试材料 柱花草为热研5号柱花草(S. guianensis cv.Reyan No.5),引自中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所热带牧草研究中心。 1.1.2 试验地概况 研究区域为元谋干热河谷金雷小流域羊开窝基地(E1014954N255109,海拔高度为1 016 m)。试验区月平均气温23.5,极端最高气温35.9,极端最低气温6.6,平均地表温度27.6,最高地表温度63.3,最低地表温度4.9,日照时数3 469.2 h,月均相对湿度53.9%,降雨量897.0 mm,蒸
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