2018年Avoiding Pressure Surge Damage in Pipeline Systems:避免在管道系统压力冲击损伤-文档资料.ppt
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1、Firstly Quantify the Problem,“In physical science the first essential step in the direction of learning any subject is to find principles of numerical reckoning and practicable methods for measuring some quality connected with it. I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking about, an
2、d express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meagre and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the state of Science, whatever
3、the matter may be.“ Lord Kelvin PLA, 1883-05-03,Australian & International Codes & Standards,Pressure Vessel Code AS 1210 Arc Welded Steel Pipe AS 1579 Submarine Pipeline Code AS 1958 Installation of UPVC AS 2032 Installation of PE AS 2033 Buried Flexible Pipelines Design AS 2566 Gas & Liquid Pipeli
4、ne Code AS 2885 GRP Pipes for Water & Sewerage AS 3571 Installation of ABS Pipes AS 3690 Pressure Piping Code AS 4041 WSA 01 Polyethylene Pipeline Code WSA 02 Sewerage Code of Australia WSA 03 Water Supply Code WSA 04 Sewage Pumping Stations PIPA-OP010A:Part 1 Polyethylene Pressure Pipes Design for
5、Dynamic Stresses,Power Piping ASME B31.1 Process Piping ASME B31.3 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons and other Liquids ASME B31.4 Refrigeration and Heat Transfer Components ASME B31.5 Building Services Piping ASME B31.9 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems ASME B31.11 Glass-reinforced
6、 plastics (GRP) piping ISO 14692-3 Design & Construction of GRP Pipes BS 7159 AWWA Fibreglass Pipe ANSI/AWWA C950,There are two categories of damage that arise from surge events,catastrophic failure of the pipeline system or equipment fatigue failure of the pipeline, supports , instrumentation, equi
7、pment and components,Equipment and Processes Solutions,Stronger pipework to withstand the pressure surge Rerouting piping Change of pipe material to one with a lower modulus (i.e. thermoplastic pipe materials) Flow control valves Air/Vacuum Release valves Intermediate check valves Non slam check val
8、ves Bypass Valves Gas accumulators Liquid accumulators Surge tanks Surge shafts,Surge anticipation valves Relief valves Bursting discs Weak pipe sections Increase diameter of pipeline to reduce average velocity Variable speed drives Soft starters Valve closure and opening times Increasing the inerti
9、a of pumps and motors (i.e. flywheels or by selection) Minimising resonance hazards and increase reliability by additional supports Investment in more engineering,Selection Process,Piping Design Using Stronger Pipe or Re-Routing the Pipeline,Use of Stronger Pipework Increase in capital costs for pip
10、e, fittings, valves and instruments Increase in velocity and celerity as wall thickness increases Increase likelihood of fatigue damage and maintenance costs if surge events frequent Pipe inherently maintenance free compared to other surge devices Needs to be determined at design stage,Re-Routing Pi
11、peline Increase in capital costs Land or easement acquisition Direction drilling Increased length of pipeline Hydraulic grade line above the pipeline profile reduces potential for cavitation Possible increase in energy Inherently maintenance free Needs to be determined at design stage,Change of Pipe
12、 Material to One with a Lower Modulus (i.e. thermoplastic pipe materials),Capital cost neutral Not a universal solution because of limited pressure classes available Thermoplastic pipe materials properties vary with temperature, strain rate and time Does not protect when column separation occurs Wal
13、l thickness selection to allow for vacuum conditions Local buckling at above ground supports to be designed Needs to be determined at design stage,Flow Control Valves,Moderate capital cost Increased maintenance to ensure they remain effective Can be used for multiple duties and scenarios Power or in
14、strumentation not necessarily required Can be retrofitted,Air/Vacuum Release Valves,Increased capital costs Increased maintenance to ensure effective operation Use requires extensive modelling to ensure operation in all scenarios Not suitable for hazardous liquids Primary duty is for line filling an
15、d draining and hence location may not be optimal for surge mitigation Not all air valves are suitable for this purpose due to their original design Valve pit may be in road causing problems during construction or maintenance Can be retro fitted easily if reducing tees in pipeline already installed o
16、therwise tee type couplings required to be fitted,Modern Design of Air / Vacuum Release Valve-Ventomat,Intermediate Check Valves,Increase in capital costs for check valve but reduction in rating of other pipeline components Effective in splitting the surge pressure rise in two Degree of increase in
17、maintenance minimal Protects pumps from highest peak pressure Non slam check valves preferred Valve pit may be in road way causing traffic problems during construction or maintenance Check valves are not considered an adequate form of isolation and hence should be installed with isolation valves Nee
18、ds to be determined at design stage otherwise pipeline needs to be out of service for retrofitting check valve,Non Slam Check Valve,Capital cost increase Fast closing valve reduces surge pressure at pump Reduces fatigue damage Increase in maintenance low Inherently trouble free Available as short or
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