2018高三英语一轮总复习专题3.1Festivalsaroundtheworld句型语法含解析20.doc
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1、专题3.1 Festivals around the world【学以致用】三、重点句型剖析1. 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those【教材原句】The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 最富有生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。【方法规律】(1)the ones在此句中指代the festivals,是后面that引导的限
2、制性定语从句的先行词。(2)one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的用法及区别:one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当于a/an+单数名词,如例。ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词,也是泛指概念,如例。the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词,有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下),如例。the ones用来替代前面的特指复数名词,有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下),如例。that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词,如例。张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物,我以
3、前从来没有见过它。Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one(=a present) that I had never seen.张先生给了我许多有价值的礼物,我以前从来没有见过它们。Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones(=many presents) that I had never seen.书桌上面的这本书比书桌下面的那本好。The book on the desk is better than that/the one under the desk.北京的天气要比沈阳的天气热。Th
4、e weather in Beijing is hotter than that/the weather in Shenyang.那边的汽车要比这边的汽车好。The cars over there are better than those/the ones here.即学即练(1)There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _?No, Id rather buy _ in the bookstore.A. it;oneB. one;oneC. one;itD. it;it【答案】A【解析】考
5、查代词。第一空指代前面的a copy of the book,就那一本,为同名同物,用it;而第二空指到书店去买一本,泛指某一本,为同名异物,用one。故选A。(2)This rose does not smell so sweet as _ I bought the other day.A. itB. the oneC. suchD. which【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意:这朵玫瑰闻起来没有我几天前买的香甜。空格处代指rose,但与前面的this rose不是同一事物,再根据后面有定语从句I bought the other day修饰,故要用the one,故选B。(3)This y
6、ears fashions are quite different from _ of last year.A. thoseB. oneC. itD. them【答案】A(4)The dialect spoken in this region sounds like _ spoken in my hometown.A. this B. one C. it D. that【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区讲的方言听起来像我家乡说的话。空格处代指The dialect,且后面有后置定语spoken in my hometown修饰,结合选项,要用that,故选D。2. either . o
7、r . 或者或者【教材原句】Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些节日,是为了纪念死者,或者使祖先得到满足,因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助,也有可能带来危害。【方法规律】句中的eitheror是“或者或者”之意,是一个连词词组,用来连接两个相同的成分,表示“两者选一”的意思。当eitheror连接两个主语时,要注意主语和谓语动词在数上的一致性。通常的规则是:谓语动词要和邻近的那个主
8、语在人称和数上保持一致,即就近一致原则。当eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut.等连接两个主语时,其谓语动词通常和邻近的主语在数上保持一致。如下面的例子:Neither the teacher nor his students know how to work out the problem.老师和他的学生们都解不出那道题。Either you or he is wholly right.你和他有一方完全正确。Not only his parents but also his best friend encourages him to go a
9、broad.不仅他的父母,而且他最好的朋友都鼓励他出国。Not his friends but his elder brother doesnt permit him to go out.不是他的朋友,而且他的哥哥不许他出去。3. while作连词时的用法【教材原句】While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. 她在人间遇到了牛郎,两人相爱了。【方法规律】while作连词时的用法:(1)表示“当的时候”,引导时间状语从句She was cooking while she was keepin
10、g an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle.她一边做饭,一边留意睡在摇篮里的婴儿。(2)表示“只要”,表条件As is known to us, while there is life, there is hope. 我们都知道,有生命就有希望。(3)表示“但是;可是”,表示对比It is often said that an American starts a speech with a joke, while a Japanese has an apology to make. 人们常说美国人以一个笑话开始一次演讲,而日本人则是以道歉开始。(4)
11、表示“虽然;尽管”,表示转折While travel can broaden your mind, I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 尽管旅游能够开阔视野,但我认为在这上面花费太多的时间和金钱不是个好主意。4. it作形式主语的句式【教材原句】It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显,咖啡馆的经理在等着李方离开【方法规律】it在句中作形式主语,代指后面tha
12、t引导的主语从句。it作形式主语的常用句式:(1)It be形容词(obvious,possible,strange,natural,important.)that从句,如例。(2)It be过去分词(said,thought,hoped,believed,supposed,reported.)that从句,如例。(3)It不及物动词(seem,occur,happen.)that从句,如例。(4)It be名词短语(a pity,a fact,a wonder/a shame,an honour,no wonder.)that从句。It was strange that he should
13、have been absent from such an important meeting.很奇怪,他本来不应该缺席这样一个重要的会议。Its no wonder that he cried out as the blood from his side flowed.难怪他哭出来因为血从他身上流出来了。It is believed that it is the earliest and largest ancient papermaking workshop site ever found.人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的造纸坊。It occurred to me that
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