2018高三英语一轮总复习专题3.1Festivalsaroundtheworld词汇短语含解析20.doc
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1、专题3.1 Festivals around the world【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1. mean vt. 意味;想要;意欲 vi. 用意【教材原句】Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year. 节日就是庆祝一年中重要的日子。【归纳拓展】mean to do sth. 意欲做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean sth. to sb. 对某人有重要意义be meant to do 意在做;应该干What do you meanby? 你说是什么意思?mean no harm 没有恶意meaning
2、 n. 意思;意义即学即练(1)进入这个寺庙时必须脱鞋。Youre _ _ _ your shoes off when you enter the temple.(2)我们不应该只在旁边坐着,被动地看着别人生活。We _ _ _ _ _ on the sideline, passively watching others live.(3)这份杂志是编给年轻女孩看的。The magazine _ _ _ young girls.(4)Ouch! You hurt me!I am sorry. But I_ _ _ any harm. I _ _ to drive a rat out.【答案】(1
3、)meant to take(2)are not meant to sit(3)is meant for(4)did not mean;was trying2. starve vi. vt. (使)饿死;(使)挨饿【教材原句】At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.【归纳拓展】starve to death 饿死stave for sth. 渴望得到某物starve sb. of sth. 使某人得不到某物而受苦或渴望获得某物
4、starvation n.挨饿,饿死die of starvation 饿死be starving 非常饥饿即学即练(1)At least eleven Siberian tigers have _ _ _ in the past three months at a northeastern wildlife zoo. 在一家东北野生动物园里,至少十一只东北虎在过去的三个月里饿死了。(2)The lonely child _ _ _ companionship. 那个孤独的孩子正渴望陪伴。(3)The children had been _ _ love for years. 几年来孩子们渴望
5、得到爱。(4)The poor beggar _ _ _. 那个可怜的乞丐饿死了。【答案】 3. trick v. 欺骗,诈骗;n. 诡计;恶作剧;窍门;习惯【教材原句】If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.【归纳拓展】play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯/诀窍trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人
6、某物laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人look down upon sb. 歧视某人即学即练(1)We need some _ _ _ _ people outside. 我们需要一些跟外面的人开的玩笑。(2)She _ _ _ _ raising her eyebrows at the end of a question. 她有一个习惯,在提问结束时总要扬起眉毛。(3)Stay alert so that no one _ _ _ _ your money. 保持警惕,以免有人骗你的钱。(4) Mother _ _ _ _ the medicine. 妈妈骗我吃了药。【答案】 4. gain
7、 n. 获得;增加;获利,获得物;收益;利润;vt. 得到;获得,赢得;增加,增添;到达;(钟、表等)快【教材原句】, the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.【归纳拓展】gain weight 增加体重gain sth. from/by . 从处获益gain others respect/love/trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任gain in sth. 增加;增长即学即练根据汉语意思完成句子(1)他考试得了满分。In 1905 Japan _ _ _ _ _ by other countries, inc
8、luding the Western superpowers as it defeated Russia in the 1905 Ruso-Japanese war and came out. 1905日本获得了其他国家包括西方大国的许多尊敬,因为它在1905年的日俄战争中击败了俄罗斯。(2)My watch _ _ _ a day. 我的表一天快5分钟。【答案】【明辨异同】辨析gain, win, get, earn, acquiregain指在斗争、竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”,所得的东西常具有一定价值。win含有取胜的一方具有优越的物质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思,意为“赢得”。get为
9、普通词,有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。earn意为“赚得”,表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。acquire意为“获得,取得”,一般指通过漫长的过程面逐渐获得。5. gather vt. vi. 聚集,集合;收拢,归拢;收集;搜集;增加(速度、力量等);收割【教材原句】People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.【归纳拓展】gather experience 积累经验gather wealth 积累财富gather breath 喘口气ga
10、ther crops 收割庄稼gather sth. in 捡拾或收割(庄稼)gather speed 加速gather up 收集;收拾;打起精神gathering n. 聚集,集合,集会;采集,收集,积聚即学即练(1)I sat down for a moment to _ _ _ (积蓄力量).(2)The mother told the boy to _ _ _ _ (把他的玩具收起来).(3)The teacher _ _ _ _ (使全体学生集合) on the playground.(4)The police _ _ _ _ _ (已收集了大量有关资料) about the mu
11、rder.(5)The car _ _ _ (逐渐加速) on the open road.【答案】 6. award vt. 授予;判定;n. 奖;奖品【教材原句】Some people might win awards for their farm produce【归纳拓展】(1)作动词意为“授予;奖给”,后多接双宾语award sb. sth.,在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded。(2)作名词意为“奖,奖品;奖金”。win the second award 获得二等奖win the award of $10,000 赢得一万美元奖金(3)award既可作动词也可作名词,指为鼓励在
12、工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励,往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。即学即练一、根据汉语意思完成句子(1)Medals _ _ _ the best speakers on the debating team. 奖章授予辩论队中的最佳演说者。(2)He _ _ _ _ in the contest. 他得到了比赛的最高奖。(3)He won the _ _ the best student of the year. 他获得本年度优秀学生奖。【答案】(1)are awarded to(2)got the highest award(3)award for【明辨异同】p
13、rize, reward, award(1)prize为名词,多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得,有的凭运气获得。(2)reward既可作动词也可作名词,指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到赏金、酬金。 (3)award 作名词用时与prize相似,都指因为杰出成就而受奖;作动词用时award意为“授与,颁发;判给”。二、用prize, reward, award填空(1)He received a medal _ _ _ for his courage. 他得到一枚奖章,作为对他勇敢的奖赏。(2) _ _ was given
14、 to the person who had the winning number. 奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。(3)Last night Costa Coffee _ _ Corporate Citizen of the Year at the London Evening Standard Business Awards 2017. 昨晚科斯塔咖啡在伦敦标准商业颁奖典礼晚会上被授予“2017年度企业公民”。【答案】 7. admire v.钦佩;赞美;羡慕【教材原句】China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admir
15、e the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes.【归纳拓展】admire oneself 自我欣赏admire ones sth. 钦佩某人的某方面admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人admirable adj. 可钦佩的;极佳的admiring adj. 羡慕的;赞美的admiration n. 钦佩;羡慕express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩have great admiration for sb. 钦佩某人with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地即学即练(1)My deskmate _ my
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