最新PT入职培训3解剖学与人体运动学-PPT文档.ppt
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1、Anatomical Position 解剖学位置,Ch 3 - 1/2010,1,矢状面 Sagittal 冠状面 Frontal 水平面 Horizontal,Ch 3 - 1/2010,2,General Joint Action Terms 常用关节动作术语,屈曲关节角度变小 (多数屈曲动作是向前的 除了膝关节) Flexioncharacterized by the joint angle diminishing (most flexion movements are forwards, except for the knee joint) 伸展屈曲的相反动作; 关节角度增大 Ext
2、ensionreturn from flexion; joint angle increases 外展远离身体中心线的运动 Abductionmovement away from the midline of the body 内收接近身体中心线的运动 Adductionmovement toward the midline of the body 旋转绕轴的运动 Rotationmovement around an axis 环旋环绕 360的运动 Circumductionmovement in a 360 circle,Ch 3 - 1/2010,3,Shoulder (Gleno-hu
3、meral) Joint Actions 肩关节动作(浅窝肱骨),1. 肩屈曲 Shoulder Flexion 2. 肩伸展 Shoulder Extension 3. 肩外展 Shoulder Abduction 4. 肩内收 Shoulder Adduction 5. 肩水平内收 (或屈曲) Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (or Flexion) 6. 肩水平外展 (或伸展) Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (or Extension) 7. 肩内旋 Shoulder Internal Rotation 8. 肩外旋 Should
4、er External Rotation 9. 肩环旋 Shoulder Circumduction,Ch 3 - 1/2010,4,Shoulder Girdle (Scapular) Actions 肩胛动作,肩胛上提 Scapular Elevation 肩胛下压 Scapular Depression 肩胛缩回 Scapular Retraction (内收) (Adduction) 肩胛前引 Scapular Protraction (外展) (Abduction) 肩胛上旋 Scapular Upward Rotation 肩胛下旋 Scapular Downward Rotati
5、on 肩胛上斜 Scapular Upward Tilt 肩胛下斜 Scapular Reduction of Upward Tilt,Ch 3 - 1/2010,5,The Spine脊柱,Flexion屈曲 Extension伸展 Rotation旋转 Lateral Flexion侧屈 Cervical 颈椎 Thoracic 胸椎 Lumba 腰椎 Sacrum 骶骨;荐骨 Coccyx 尾骨,Ch 3 - 1/2010,8,Pelvis骨盆 * Anterior pelvic tilt骨盆前倾 * Posterior pelvic tilt骨盆后倾 * Lateral pelvic
6、tilt骨盆侧倾,Hip Joint髋关节 1. Hip flexion髋屈曲 2. Hip extension髋伸展 3. Hip abduction髋外展 4. Hip adduction款内收 5. Hip horizontal adduction (flexion) 髋水平内收(屈曲) 6. Hip horizontal abduction (extension) 髋水平外展(伸展) 7. Hip internal rotation 髋内旋 8. Hip external rotation髋外旋 9. Hip circumduction髋环旋,Ch 3 - 1/2010,9,Knee
7、Joint 膝关节 * Flexion 屈曲 * Extension 伸展,Ch 3 - 1/2010,10,Ankle Joint 踝关节,Dorsiflexion 足背屈 Plantarflexion 足跖屈 Eversion 外翻 Inversion 内翻,Ch 3 - 1/2010,11,Six (6) Major Upper Body Muscle Groups: 6组上身主要的肌肉群: 1. Bicepselbow flexion 肱二头肌:肘屈曲 2. Tricepselbow extension 肱三头肌:肘伸展,Ch 3 - 1/2010,12,Biceps Brachii
8、肱二头肌 * elbow flexion 肘屈曲,Ch 3 - 1/2010,13,Triceps Brachii 肱三头肌 * elbow extension 肘伸展,Ch 3 - 1/2010,14,Upper Body Muscle Groups, contd上半身肌肉群,三角肌:肩屈曲, 肩外展 (前和中间部分) Deltoids: shoulder flexion, shoulder abduction (anterior and medial portions) 阔背肌: 肩伸展肩内收 Latissimus Dorsi: shoulder extension, shoulder a
9、dduction,Ch 3 - 1/2010,15,Deltoids三角肌(前和中) (anterior and medial) * 肩屈曲 Shoulder Flexion * 肩外展 Shoulder Abduction,Ch 3 - 1/2010,16,Latissimus Dorsi 阔背肌 * 肩伸展 Shoulder Extension * 肩内收 Shoulder Adduction,Ch 3 - 1/2010,17,Upper Body Muscle Groups, contd,胸大肌: 肩水平内收, 肩屈曲 (锁骨的), 肩内收和伸展 (胸骨的) Pectoralis Maj
10、or: shoulder horizontal adduction, shoulder flexion (clavicular), shoulder adduction and extension (sternal) 中斜方肌,菱形肌,后三角肌:肩胛缩回,肩胛水平外展 Mid-Trapezius, Rhomboids, and Posterior Deltoid: scapular retraction, shoulder horizontal abduction,Ch 3 - 1/2010,18,Pectoralis Major 胸大肌 * 肩水平内收 Shoulder Horizontal
11、 Adduction * 锁骨部分: 肩屈曲 Clavicular Portion: shoulder flexion * 胸骨部分: 肩内收和肩伸展 Sternal Portion: shoulder adduction and shoulder extension,Ch 3 - 1/2010,19,中斜方肌 和菱形肌 * 肩胛 缩回,Posterior Deltoid,后三角肌 *肩水平外展,Rhomboids,Mid-Trapezius,Ch 3 - 1/2010,20,Upper Body Muscle Groups, contd,Scapular protractors:肩胛前引 S
12、erratus Anterior前锯肌 Pectoralis Minor (also responsible for scapular depression 胸小肌(肩胛下压),Ch 3 - 1/2010,21,Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Minor 前锯肌 胸小肌 * scapular protraction * scapular protraction 肩胛前引 肩胛前引 * scapular depression 肩胛下压,Ch 3 - 1/2010,22,Other Upper Body Muscles 其他上半身肌肉群,Rotator Cuff Musc
13、les: 肩袖肌群(肌腱套肌肉群) : * Subscapularis 肩胛下肌: shoulder internal rotation 肩内旋 * Infraspinatus and Teres Minor 冈下肌和小圆肌: shoulder external rotation 肩外旋 * Supraspinatus 冈上肌: shoulder abduction 肩外展,Ch 3 - 1/2010,23,Rotator Cuff Muscles 肩袖肌群,Infraspinatus冈下肌 shoulder external rotation 肩外旋,Teres Minor小圆肌 shoul
14、der external rotation 肩外旋,Supraspinatus 冈上肌 shoulder abduction 肩外展,Subscapularis肩胛下肌 shoulder internal rotation肩内旋,25 Ch 3 1/2010,Torso Muscles and Their Joint Actions躯干肌肉及关节动作,Rectus Abdominis 腹直肌: 脊柱屈曲 External and Internal Obliques 腹内外斜肌: spinal flexion with rotation 带旋转的脊柱屈曲 Transverse Abdominis
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