备战2018年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题05非谓语动词含解析20171028255.doc
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1、专题05 非谓语动词1. Lily doesnt feel like _ (study)abroad. Her parents are old. (单句语法填空)【错因分析】易误填to study。like to do sth. 喜欢做某事,偶尔一次喜欢做某事;like doing sth.后跟动词不定式,经常性地喜欢做某事。看到like,容易误填to study。此句表示莉莉不想要出国留学,feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。【参考答案】studying动名词与不定式的不同1) 动名词与不定式的区别动名词状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的不定式目的,结果,原因,具体,
2、一次性,将发生的2) 接不定式或动名词,意义相近,如:begin/start to do = begin/start doing; continue to do =continue doing。3) 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11组:stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingregret to doregret doingcease to docease doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingafraid to doafraid doingi
3、nterested to dointerested doingmean to domean doingbegin / start to dobegin/ start doing常见考法1. 不定式作状语;2. it作形式主语代替后面的不定式;3. 不定式的否定形式;4. 被动语态中的不定式;5. 不定式省to情况;6. 不定式作定语的情况。误区提醒1. 不定式的不同形式误用;2. 被动语态中仍然省to;3. 否定形式not位置弄错;4. 主动语态中该省to不省;5. 不定式作定语时丢内容。动名词作宾语a. 作动词的宾语,某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词,不能加不定式,如advise,
4、allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape, bear等。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当违反交通规则时,Mark总是尝试着逃脱惩罚。b. 作介词的宾语(单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语),如depend on, think about, set about,
5、succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。We are against killing small animals. 我们反对屠杀小动物。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们是休息一下还是继续工作?c. 作短语动词的宾语give up, keep on, put off, insist on等。He is often persu
6、aded to give up smoking. 他总是被劝戒烟。d. 其他情况be worth, be busy, cant help, cant stand等。The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这音乐值得反复听。We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。不定式作宾语I want to speak to Tom. 我想跟Tom谈谈。Please show us how to do that. 请给我们演示一下怎么操作。2. One
7、 morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _(be)late for school. (单句语法填空)【错因分析】易误填been或be。worried about.是过去分词短语作状语,【试题解析】句意:一天早上,我正在等公交车,担心上学会迟到。介词about后面用名词或动名词作宾语,故填being。【参考答案】being3. _ (ignore)the differences between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you mak
8、e. (单句语法填空)【错因分析】分析不清句子成分,易误填Ignore。【参考答案】Ignoring动名词作主语:a. 直接位于句首作主语。Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很不错的运动。b. it作形式主语,常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。It is no use telling him not to worry. 告诉他没必要担心。注意:import
9、ant, essential, necessary之后常用不定式。c. 用于There be结构中。There is no saying when hell come. 不知道他什么时候回来。d. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。No smoking (=No smoking is allowed (here).(这里)禁止抽烟。No parking. 禁止停车。e. 动名词的复合结构作主语。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们的到来及提供的帮助对我们来说是极大地鼓励。动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较a. 动名词多用来表
10、示泛指,不定式多用来表示特指。Smoking is not good for health. 抽烟对健康有害。It is not good for you to smoke so much. 抽这么多烟对你不好。b. 在It is no use., It is no good., It is fun., It is a waste of time.等句型中,常用动名词作真实主语。It is no use talking about that. 说那些没有用。It is no good quarreling with him. 跟他吵架没好处。c. 在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,不用不定式
11、的复合结构作主语。Does your saying that mean anything to him? 你说那个对他意味着什么对吗?d. 在There be句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。There is no telling what will happen. 没有被告知将要发生什么。e. 句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。4. No, he went off to his tennis match before I finis
12、hed _ (make)them, so he couldnt have done it. 【错因分析】易误填having made。有的考生误以为是-ing形式的完成式作宾语,从而误填having made。【试题解析】finish后只能接名词、代词或-ing形式作宾语,故填making。【参考答案】making。常见后跟动名词的动词有:acknowledge承认,自认cease 停止mention说到,讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌advocate提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受
13、avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒cant help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避 cant stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好favor 造成,偏爱mind介意repent悔悟figure描绘,计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成,结束不得pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟,延期risk冒险involve卷入,包含practise实行,实践s
14、uggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持,忍受loathe非常讨厌,厌恶recall回想5. When I came in, my naughty son pretended _(read).【错因分析】to read。有的考生以为这里是不定式的一般式作宾语,从而误填to read。【试题解析】根据语境,这里的pretended后要接to be doing 作宾语,表示我进来时,儿子假装正在做什么。本句意为:我进来时,我那顽皮的儿子假装在看书。【参考答案】to be reading常见后跟动词不定式的动词有:attempt企图e
15、nable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略,漏appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare
16、准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法,图谋incline有倾向propose提议seek找,寻觅try试图【归纳】决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, car
17、e, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on【答案】B2. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try goi
18、ng【解析】why not后面接不带to的不定式,故选D。【答案】D3. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 【解析】make后接不带to的动词不定式,当其用于被动时,to不可省略,故选B。【答案】B4. She pretended _ me when I passed by.A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen【解析】pretend后应接不定式。其否定形式
19、为pretend not to do sth.。【答案】A5. The patient was warned _ only food after the operation.A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【解析】warn一词要求后用不定式,否定形式为be warned not to do。【答案】C6. Days of snowstorms have left the city _ under thick layers of ice and some 50,000 homes without power.A. to
20、be trapped B. trappedC. having trapped D. being trapped【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:连日的暴雪使这个城市陷入厚厚的冰雪中,大约5万个家庭停电。此处是leave宾语补语结构,the city与trap之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语,故选B项。【答案】B7. Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if _ properly, may contribute to spreading diseases.A. not handled B. not being handledC.
21、not to be handled D. not having been handled【答案】A8. Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.A. Smith has taken an extra job B. the boss has given Smith an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to Smith【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:面对1万美元的账单,史密斯又找了一份工作。前半句是过去分词作状语,只有主、从句主语一致的时候,才能用非谓语动词作状语
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