备战2018年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题06定语从句含解析20171028256.doc
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1、专题06 定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【错因分析】容易误选 B,认为 around是介词,选 which用以代替前面的名词 hospital,在此用作介词 around的宾语。【参考答案】 C2. She says that shell never forget the ti
2、me _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【错因分析】容易误选 B,机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when,地点名词后用关系副词 where。【试题解析】在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来,若用作主语或宾语,用关系代词;若用作状语,则用关系副词。该题中的动词 spent缺宾语,故应用关系代词 which或 that。【参考答案】A1.定语从句相当于一个形容词,起定词作用, 修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(
3、1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词,决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when,是地点名词就用where。1. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.A. where B. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【名师点睛】定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一,分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点:第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两
4、点,再根据句意,从而能够判断出正确的关系词。易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. whom【错因分析】此题易误选C。关键的问题是没有弄清句子结构,不知道先行词是哪一个,或者是不知道关系词在定语从句中作何成分。【试题解析】考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词lives, 所以用whose。句意为:这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的
5、眼光讲述了这次地震的许多故事。【参考答案】A对于定语从句关系词的考查,首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句,然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最后选择正确的词。要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力。如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词when,where,why,缺少定语用whose。2. A company _profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. A. which B. whose C. who D. why 【答案】 B易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用4
6、. (2017新课标卷II短文改错)In their spare time, they are interesting(改为interested) in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【错因分析】 此题错误的原因在于不清楚that不能引导非限制性定语从句。【试题解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导,故将that改为which。【参考答案】 that改为which只用which,不能用that的情况(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成介词关系代词结构来修饰表事物的先行词时
7、, 关系代词必须用which.如:The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 如: This is the question which/that weve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。(2) 先行词为those表事物的复数名词时,
8、 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如:Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。(3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which,而不用that。3.(2017新课标卷I语法填空)Like an
9、ything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【解析】句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。【答案】 which易错点4 介词后接关系代词的误用5. (2017江苏卷单项填空) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide st
10、arvation.A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【错因分析】此题易误选A,原因是没有搞清楚,先行词是哪个,关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。【参考答案】C 使用介词关系代词要注意以下几点:(一)选用介词的依据:(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。(2) 根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成,不一定是短语)。(3) 根据句子的意思来选择。(4) 表示所有关系或整体中的一部分时,通常用介词of。(二)在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。(三)of which / whom有
11、时可以用whose名词结构来改写。(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。(五)in that不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导原因状语从句。二、介词关系代词与关系副词的转化(1)当先行词表示地点,定语从句中缺少地点状语时,通常用关系副词where引导,此时也可选用表示地点的介词which来代替关系副词where。(2) 当先行词表示时间,定语从句中缺少时间状语时,通常用关系副词when引导,此时也可选用表示时间的介词which来代
12、替关系副词when。(3) 当先行词为reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时,通常用关系副词why引导,此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。4. (2016 江苏卷单项填空)Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C易错点5 定语从句与同位语从句的区别6. News came from the school office _ Wang Li
13、n had been admitted to Peking University.A. which B. that C. what D. where【错因分析】此题易误选D。错误的原因在于把_ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University当成了定语从句,空处为关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语。【参考答案】B定语从句与同位语从句的区别:1.被修饰的词不同:同位语从句的前面一般是数量有限的、表示抽象意义的名词;而定语从句的先行词是无数的指人或物名词。2.从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、描绘或说明。3.引
14、导词不同:what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。4.引导词的作用不同:引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that为关系代词,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。5.判定定语从句和同位语从句的方法:由于同位语从句是用以说明被修饰名词的具体内容的,所它可以转换同位名词的表语;而定语从句则不能作这种转换。 5. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sp
15、orts field.A. how B. thatC. whichD. whether【答案】B【解析】句意:最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念,那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知 you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位语从句,对belief进行解释说明,从句不缺句子成分,故用连接词that引导,答案为B。易错点6 定语从句与强调句型的区别7. (2016天津卷单项填空)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel_ the coach pick
16、s up tourists.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. that【错因分析】此题易误选C。错误的原因在于没有弄清楚这是一个强调句型,而把它当作了定语从句。【参考答案】D定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that, who,并且句子中的It 没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考查。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的
17、问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。6. Where did the professor made the speech yesterday?It was in the hall _ the students often have a meeting _ the professor made the speech yesterday.A. that;whichB. where;thatC. that;whenD. where;when【解析】考查定语从句和强调句
18、的用法。在第一空处是定语从句,先行词是the hall,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以此处应用where;第二空处是强调句,所以此处应用that。【答案】B易错点7 关系代词as和which的区别8. He has made as much progress _ is enough for him to be admitted to Fudan University.A.asB.thatC.whatD.which【错因分析】 此题对于B、D两项都可能误选,错误原因在于没有弄清楚先行词被as修饰,引导定语从句的关系词要用as引导。【参考答案】A 关系代词as和which引导定语从句的不同点1.
19、as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。2. 在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。4. as常用正如含义,常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的那样);as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的);be announced / ex
20、pected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以放句中或句末。5. 非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。6. 介词+关系代词(介宾代物)中关系代词只能用which。7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。 7.The number of smokers,_is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A.itB.whichC.whatD.as【答案】D一、关系代词和关系副词基本
21、用法根据关系词在定语从句中的不同用法,可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词主要有who, whom, which, that, whose等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词主要有when, where, why等,在定语从句中作状语。具体用法如下:1.关系代词的用法当先行词指人时,若它在从句中作主语,则用who;若它在从句作宾语,则用whom或who;若它在从句中作定语,则用whose。如:The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。The woman whose umbrella you
22、 took is very angry about it.你拿了那个女人的伞,她非常生气。当先行词指物时,若在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用which;若它在定语从句中作定语用,则用of which或whose。如:I saw something in the paper which might interest you.我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。Hes written a book the name of which (whose name) Ive forgotten.他写了一本书,书名我给忘了。2.关系副词的用法关系副词主要有when, where, why等,在定语从句中作状
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