备战2018年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题09情态动词和虚拟语气含解析20171028259.doc
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1、专题09 情态动词和虚拟语气易错点1 情态动词的误用 1. Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would【错因分析】考生容易误选C项,认为是一定是,实际上这里表示可能性。【试题解析】句意:一些不爱说话的人并不是真的害羞,他们可能只是比较安静。must必须;may可能;should应该;would将要。由句意可知这里表示不确定的推测,要用may。【参考答案】Bmay/might接动词原形时表
2、示对现在情况的推测,意思是可能。She thought it might be wise to try her luck here. 她认为在这儿碰碰运气也许不错。2. What does the sign over there read? No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. will B. may C. shall D. must【参考答案】Cshall用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法:(1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句,表示征求对方意见。Shall I help you? 要
3、不要我帮你?Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗?Shall she go to the concert with us this evening? 她要和我们一起去音乐会吗?(2)用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可以听到所有的
4、情况。(表允诺)You shall go to the front at once. 你马上到前线去。(表命令)Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. 不要着急,你今天下午晚些时候可以得到答案。(表允诺)He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. 我告诉你,他早晚会后悔的。(表警告)Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution. 什么也阻止不了我们与污染作斗争。(表决心)3. I think the work _ be co
5、mpleted ahead of time. 【名师点睛】此题有些考生可能会认为这里是要求工作必须提前完成而误填must,因此在做此类题时,一定要结合语境,仔细推敲语境暗含的意思,从而提高做题的正确率。4. Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need【解析】句意:这里是办公室。所以你必须知道在这儿吃东西是不被允许的。哦,对不起。结合语境可知,这里表示命令,因此要用must。【答案】A【名师点睛】must常用来表示禁止、命令,这时主要用于否定
6、句中。You must not speak ill of others. 你一定不要说别人的坏话。You must not go there. 你不准去那儿。情态动词的基本用法(一)情态动词的特点情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:1. 各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2. 情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。3. 情态动词在句中不受任何人称、性、数变化的影响。4. 情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to,即接动词原形。(二)常用情态动词的基本用法英文中的情态动词主要有:can, could; may, might
7、; must; ought; need; dare, dared,另外,shall, will, should, would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。He can speak five languages. 他会说五种语言。She must have arrived home by now. 现在她准到家了。We should study hard for our motherland. 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。They neednt be in such a hurry for there is enough time for them. 他们还有足够的时间,用不着这么慌张。1. ca
8、n, could 能,会could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。(1)表示脑力或体力上的能力Nobody can stop the development of science. 谁也无法阻止科学的发展。She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters. 他能潜入约二十米深的水中。He could hardly support his family before he fou
9、nd the new job.他在找到那份新工作前几乎无法养家。I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith.我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。(2)表示客观上的可能性You can borrow this useful book from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。A more suitable person than him for the job cannot be found. 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。Now people can skate
10、 on the lake. 现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。When the storm stopped, the plane could take off. 当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了。(3)表示主观上的允许Can I ask you some questions about it? 我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?You cannot leave here till I come back. 直到我回来你才能离开。Such kind of thing cant happen anymore later. 这类事以后不准再发生了。Can you tell me how to get to t
11、he airport? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗?Could you tell me how to get to the airport? 您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?Could I be forgiven my negligence? 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?(4)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)How can / could you be here? 你怎么会在这儿?She couldnt / cant be so stupid to do that. 她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。He couldnt / cant be over seventy. 他不可能有七十多岁了。Wher
12、e could / can the boy be now? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢?另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。Could you speak a little slowly? 您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?I could come earlier if asked. 如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。Im afraid that we couldnt give you any definite answer at this moment.恐怕我们这时候还无法给予你任何确切的答
13、复。We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help.如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。You could have done better if you had worked harder at it.如果你再加把劲,你本来可以做得更好一些的。2. may, might 或许,可能,可以might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。(1)可能性I may be busy from tomorrow on. 从明天起我可能会忙起
14、来。I wondered if they might agree with the idea. 我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。She thought it might be wise to try her luck here. 她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning.你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。(2)表示允许May I come in? 我可以进来吗?Id like to have a smoke here if I
15、may. 如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days.图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。At the press conference, a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue. 在记者招待会上,一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。(3)may可以用来表示祝愿,
16、也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:May that day come soon. 但愿那天早日到来。May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game. 祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。May you continue in your efforts and achieve greater successes. 祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。(4)might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中:I could not convince him, try as I might. 我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。He died s
17、o that the others might live. 为了其他的人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。One error in calculation might ruin the whole project. 计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train.那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。If you had made better use of your time, you might have learned more.假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你
18、本可以学到更多东西的。 注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。May I come in? 我可以进来吗?Yes, please. / Sure. / Certainly. 请进。Please dont. 请不要进来。No , you mustnt. 不行。3. must 应该,必须,一定(1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事We must protect peoples rights. 我们应该保护人民的利益。Everyone must be loyal to his motherland. 每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。You mus
19、t serve the people when you grow up. 你们长大成人后应该服务于人民。Students must work hard at their study. 学生应该努力学习。(2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事We must speed up the pace of our economic reform. 我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。We must keep steps to the scientific development. 我们一定要与科学的发展保持步调一致。You must hurry up or youll be late. 你必须得快点儿,不然会迟到
20、的。 注意:在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化形式。I have to go now for Ive got a meeting 15 minutes later.我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten.他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came b
21、ack.珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。 注意:在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定答复,不可以用mustnt 而需要用neednt 或是dont have to,因为mustnt意思是绝不能、一定不要,而没有不必的意思。Must we hand in our exercises today? 我们今天必须交作业吗?Yes, you must. 是的,必须交。No, you neednt(or, you dont have to ). 不,不必今天交。(3)表示禁止(用于否定句)You must not speak ill of others. 你一定不要说别人的坏话。C
22、ars must not park here. 这里禁止停车。Smoking must not allow in the office. 严禁在办公室吸烟。You mustnt talk to girls like that. 你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。(4)表示猜测、推测,must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have + 过去分词。You must be tired after working so long. 你工作这么长时间,肯定累了吧。It must be that naughty boy crying outside
23、. 肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside. 外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later.这种想法肯定迟早会被社会所接受的。I didnt see you in class yesterday. You must have been absent.我昨天上课没见着你,你肯定没有来。4. ought 应该(后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词)(1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事You ought not
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