最新上肢局部解剖学Theupperlimb-PPT文档.ppt
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1、The muscles of back,Superficial group Trapezius 斜方肌 Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌 Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌 Rhomboideus菱形肌 Deep group Erector spinae 竖脊肌 Splenius 夹肌 Thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜,The muscles of thorax,Extrinsic muscles Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前锯肌 Intrinsic muscles
2、Intercostales externi 肋间外肌 Intercostales interni 肋间内肌 Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌,Major muscles of the trunk,Trapezius Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae Insertion: lateral third of clav
3、icle, acromion, and spine of scapulartery Acton: upper fibers elevate scapula, lower fibers depress scapula; if scapula is fixed, one side acting along, draws head toward the same side, and turn face to opposite side; both sides together, draw head directly backward,Latissimus dorsi Origin: spinous
4、processes of lower six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, median sacral crest, and posterior part of iliac crest. Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of humerus. Action: trunk fixed, extends, adducts and medially rotates arm ; arm fixed, elevates trunk.,Erector spinae Position: fills the vert
5、ebral groove on each side of the spine Action: extends vertebral column (draw head backwar),Pectoralis major Origin: medial half of clavicle,sternum,1th-6th costal cartilages. Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus. Action: flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially; arm fixed, elevates trunk
6、; elevates ribs 1-6,aidding in forced inspiration.,The Muscles of Upper Limb,Muscles of shoulder Deltoid supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major subscapularis,Muscles of arm Antererior group Biceps brachii 肱二头肌 Coracobrachialis喙肱肌 Brachialis 肱肌 Posterior group triceps brachii肱三头肌,Muscles
7、 of forearm,Superficial layer Brachioradialis 肱桡肌 Pronator teres 旋前圆肌 Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌 Palmaris longus 掌长肌 Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌,Third layer Flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌 Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌 Fourth layer pronator quadratus 旋前方肌 Action: flex radiocarpal joint and fingers, pr
8、onate forearm,Second layer flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌,Posterior group (10) Superficial layer (5) Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌 Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌 Extensor digitorum 指伸肌 Extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌 Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌,Deep layer (5) Supinator旋后肌 Abductor po
9、llicis longus拇长展肌 Extensor pollicis brevis拇短伸肌 Extensor pollicis longus拇长伸肌 Extensor indicis 示指伸肌 Action: extend radiocapral joint and fingers, and supinate forearm,Muscles of hand Lateral groupthenar 鱼际 (4) Abductor pollicis brevis拇短展肌 Flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌 Opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌 Adductor pol
10、licis 拇收肌 Action: flex, abduct, adduct and oppose thumb Medial grouphypothenar (3) Abductor digiti minimi 小指展肌 Flexor digiti minimi brevis小指短屈肌 Opponens digiti minimi小指对掌肌 Action: flex, abduct , and oppose little finger,Intermedial group Lumbricales 蚓状肌(4)flex fingers at MP joints; extend fingers at
11、 IP joints Palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌(3) adduct fingers towards middle finger at MP joints Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌(3)abduct fingers away from middle finger at MP joints,Major muscles of upper limb,Deltoid Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of
12、 humerus Action: abducts,flexes and medically rotates, extends, and laterally rotates arm,Teres major Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Action: medially rotates and adducts arm,Biceps brachii Origin: long head, supraglenoid tubercle; s
13、hort head, coracoid process Insertion: radical tuberosity Action: supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint, weak flexor of should joint Pronator teres Origin: medical epicondyle of humerus and deep fascia of forearm Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius Action: pronation of forearm and f
14、lexion of elbow,Triceps brachii Origin: long head, infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head, above groove for radical n., medical head, below groove for radical n. Insertion: olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow joint), long head can extend and adduct shoulder joint,Supinator Origin: lateral epicondyl
15、e of humerus and upper part of lateral border of ulna Insertion: upper third of anterior surface of radius Action: supination of forearm,Arteries of upper limb,Axillary artery Continuation of subclavian artery at lateral border of first rib Becomes brachial artery at lower border of teres major Divi
16、ded into three parts by overlying pectoralis minor First portion, above musclegives rise to thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉 Second portion, behind musclegives rise to lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉 Third portion, below musclegives rise to subscapular a. 肩胛下动脉, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱前、后动
17、脉; the former then divides into throcodorsal a. 胸背动脉 and circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉,Brachial artery Continuation of axillary artery Divides into radial and ulnar arteries at level of neck of radius Branches Deep brachial a. 肱深动脉accompanies with radial nerve Superior ulnar collaeral a. 尺侧上副动脉accomp
18、anies with ulnar nerve Inferior ulnar collateral a.尺侧下副动脉,Radial artery and branches Radial recurrent a. 桡侧返动脉 Superfical palmar branch 掌浅支 Principal artery of thumb 拇主要动脉 Ulnar artery and branches Ulnar recurrent a. 尺侧返动脉 Common interosseous artery 骨间总动脉 Anterior interossous a. 骨间前动脉 Posterior inte
19、rosseous a. 骨间后动脉 Deep palmar branch 掌深支,Superficial palmar arch 掌浅弓 Formed by ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of radial artery Curve of arch lies across the palm, level with the distal border of fully extended thumb Gives rise to three common palmar digital arteries each then divides int
20、o two proper palmar digital arteries,Deep palmar arch 掌深弓 Formed by radial artery and deep palmar branch of ulnar artery Curve of arch lies across upper part of palmar at level with proximal border of extended thumb Gives rise to three palmar metacarpal arteries,Veins of the upper limb,Deep veins: a
21、ccompany the arteries of the same region and bear similar names Superficial veins Cephalic vein 头静脉 Arises from the lateral side of the dorsal venous rete of hand Ascends on radial side of the forearm to the elbow and then in the lateral side of biceps brachii furrow, continues up the arm in the del
22、topectoral groove and then to the infraclavicular fossa, where it pierces clavipectoral fascia to drain into axillary vein,Basilic vein 贵要静脉 Arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous rete of hand Ascends on the ulnar side of forearm to the elbow and then in the medial bicepital brachii furrow
23、 to middle of the arm where it pierces the deep fascia and joins the brachial vein or axillary vein Median cubital vein 肘正中静脉 links cephalic vein and basilic vein in the cubital fossa. It is a frequent site for venipuncture to remove a sample of blood or add fluid to the blood,The lymphatic drainage
24、 of upper limb,Lymphatic vessels Superficialfollow the superficial veins, drain into supratrochlear and axillary lymph nodes Deepaccompany main vessels, end in axillary lymph nodes lymph nodes Cubital lymph node: lies above medial epicondyle of humerus Axillary lymph nodearranged in five groups,Axil
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