牛津上海版8A Unit1 基础知识讲练-word文档.docx
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1、牛津上海版8A U1 与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念,最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云:“伯安入小学,颖悟非凡貌,属句有夙性,说字惊老师。”于是看,宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”,而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见,“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会,“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说,具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后,教师与其他官员一样依法令任命,故又称“教师”为“教员”。 Words:观察内容的选择,我本着先静后动,由近及远的原则,有目的、有计划的先安排与幼儿生活接近的,能理解的观察内容。随机观察也是不可少
2、的,是相当有趣的,如蜻蜓、蚯蚓、毛毛虫等,孩子一边观察,一边提问,兴趣很浓。我提供的观察对象,注意形象逼真,色彩鲜明,大小适中,引导幼儿多角度多层面地进行观察,保证每个幼儿看得到,看得清。看得清才能说得正确。在观察过程中指导。我注意帮助幼儿学习正确的观察方法,即按顺序观察和抓住事物的不同特征重点观察,观察与说话相结合,在观察中积累词汇,理解词汇,如一次我抓住时机,引导幼儿观察雷雨,雷雨前天空急剧变化,乌云密布,我问幼儿乌云是什么样子的,有的孩子说:乌云像大海的波浪。有的孩子说“乌云跑得飞快。”我加以肯定说“这是乌云滚滚。”当幼儿看到闪电时,我告诉他“这叫电光闪闪。”接着幼儿听到雷声惊叫起来,我
3、抓住时机说:“这就是雷声隆隆。”一会儿下起了大雨,我问:“雨下得怎样?”幼儿说大极了,我就舀一盆水往下一倒,作比较观察,让幼儿掌握“倾盆大雨”这个词。雨后,我又带幼儿观察晴朗的天空,朗诵自编的一首儿歌:“蓝天高,白云飘,鸟儿飞,树儿摇,太阳公公咪咪笑。”这样抓住特征见景生情,幼儿不仅印象深刻,对雷雨前后气象变化的词语学得快,记得牢,而且会应用。我还在观察的基础上,引导幼儿联想,让他们与以往学的词语、生活经验联系起来,在发展想象力中发展语言。如啄木鸟的嘴是长长的,尖尖的,硬硬的,像医生用的手术刀样,给大树开刀治病。通过联想,幼儿能够生动形象地描述观察对象。 1. tell tel vt. 通过观
4、察发现;辨别;告诉(常和can连用)要练说,得练看。看与说是统一的,看不准就难以说得好。练看,就是训练幼儿的观察能力,扩大幼儿的认知范围,让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自然的活动中,积累词汇、理解词义、发展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时,我着眼观察于观察对象的选择,着力于观察过程的指导,着重于幼儿观察能力和语言表达能力的提高。 e.g: How can you tell it is a letter not a story or a poem?tell sb. to do sth.2.【辨析】work as 担任work at 从事;钻研work for 为工作;为做事3. write to
5、(sb) 写信给。 hear from (sb.) 收到。的来信4. keen on: 形容词词组=very interested inbe keen on: 动词词组=really like5. 区别:hair 头发 hare 野兔 辨音:height hait 高度 weight weit 重量6. have been to 去过(人已离开那里)have gone to 去了(人不在这里)have been in 呆在,逗留7. at all 强调否定句:根本(不)notat all 一点也不in all 总共all in 极度疲劳的8. some things=a few things,
6、分开写thing用复数形式something总是单数形式9. ambition n. 志向,雄心,抱负 ambitious a. 有雄心的,野心勃勃的10. enjoy (doing) sth vt. 享受。的乐趣,欣赏,喜爱【小试牛刀】Chooes the right words to complete the sentences. (选择括号中恰当的单词完成句子)1. Tonys father has designed a beautiful building and he wants the builders to build it properly. Hes an _ (archite
7、ct, engineer).2. I will tell you _ (somethings, some things) about myself.3. Do you _ (keen on, enjoy) playing football?4. Joanna is not in. She has just _ (gone, been) to the library.5. Whats his _ (ambition, ambitious)【keys】 1. architect 2. some things 3. enjoy 4. gone 5. ambition【随堂小练】Fill in eac
8、h blank with the word from the box in its proper form. (选用方框内单词的适当形式填空)clear me inch friend number blond fun terrible 1. You will find Yellow Pages full of telephone _.2. Linda has long _ hair.3. She is less than four feet two _ tall.4. This is the _ story I have ever heard.5. My classmates are _ to
9、 me.6. I can see _ in the mirror.7. You should write your name (signature) _.【keys】1. numbers 2. blonde 3. inches 4. funniest 5. friendly 6. myself 7. clearly Phrases:a letter from a pen-friend 来自笔友的一封信an address at the top-right corner 一个在右上方的地址a postal code 一个邮政编码Newcastle upon Tyne 纽卡斯尔 ( = Newca
10、stle, 因位于Tyne 河以北而得名 )would like to 愿意;想tell sb. some things about 告诉某人一些关于的事情about five feet tall 大约5英尺高work as 以为职业enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事be keen on 十分喜欢; 很感兴趣play rugby 打橄榄球play chess 下国际象棋play badminton 打羽毛球write to 写信给tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事look sth. up in a dictionary 在字典中查阅have never been
11、 there 从未到过那里be born 出生( 于 )speak Chinese 说中文a brother called Edwin 一个名叫埃德温的兄弟Form One 中学一年级walk to school 步行去学校less than 小于not at all 根本不sports field 运动场a photo of myself 一张我自己的照片in the middle 在中间best wishes 诚挚问候take a look at 看一看at the end 在结尾处all in 疲劳; 疲乏到极点full name 全名leave school 毕业; 离开学校; 放学回
12、家Grammar1. 区分动名词和现在分词My favorite hobby is playing computer games.(本句不是现在进行时,改写为Playing computer games is my favorite hobby.后句意依然保持不变。注意句子的主语不是指“人”。而是“某种东西”或“某件事”)He is playing a computer game.(本句是现在进行时,主语是人,整句不可像上面那样倒过来改写,否则没有意义:Playing a computer game is he. )2. 反身代词myself, yourself等:句子的主语和宾语或句中介词宾
13、语是同一个人时,宾语要用反身代词,e.g:Im going to get myself a new suit.I enclose a photo of myself.Tell me all about yourself.(祈使句主语通常为you,省略不说出来)3.“I have ever eaten”等现在完成时的句子,提示一个最高级的句子结构,e.g:The steak was the best I have ever eaten.This is the most exciting match I have ever seen.4. 一些特殊疑问词的用法 Who针对“某人”提问,Who在特殊
14、疑问句中可做主语、宾语Which 后可跟名词,不跟名词时,只能用来指物,而不能指人What针对“事物”提问,后可跟名词如:What size(大小), What time(时间) ,What day(日期)Where 针对“地点”提问When针对“时间”提问How常常用来针对“身体状况”“做事的方式”、“外表”、“天气”等提问,如How old(年龄),How many(数量),How far(距离),How long(时间),How often(频率), How much(价格、数量)5. 不定冠词(a/an的用法)3. 泛指或类指的一个人或物I dont want a pear. Give
15、 me an apple.A dictionary is useful to a student.b. 表示人的身份或事物的性质Whats your father? He is an engineer.c. 表示数量“一”There is a picture on the wall.d. a/an在一些习惯用语中a lot a bit a little a few a glass of a pair of have a rest have a break have a good time in a hurry in a minute for a while have a look with a
16、 smile take an active part in take a walk【随堂小练】IComplete the questions with How +adj/adv.1._ does the train to Beijing run? Every two hours.2._ is it from here to your school? Its twenty minutes walk.3._ have you learned English? More than five years.【keys】1. How often 2.How far 3. How longII. Put i
17、n what/ which/who.1. _ is that ladys name?2. _way shall we go? Left or right?3. -_day is it today? -Friday.4. _is your favourite sport?5. _is younger, Tom or Mike?6. _is your nationality?【keys】1. What 2. Which 3. What 4. What 5. Who 6. WhatIII. Write a or an.1._ old lady 2._ hour 3._uncle 4._useful
18、book5._S 6._D 7._100-word report 8._cartoon9._taxi driver 10._address 11._honest man 12._inn13._good time 14._ airport 15._Chinese restaurant 【keys】1. an 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. an 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. a 10. an 11. an 12. an 13. a 14. an 15. a . Fill in the blanks with “the”, “a” or “an” in the following p
19、assage if necessary. Connie is 1 Chinese girl. She was born in 2 China. She left 3 school three years ago. Now she lives in 4 New Zealand. Yesterday she received 5 letter from 6 boy called Stephen. 7 boy lives in Canada. He saw her name and address in 8 magazine called “Pen-friends”. He wanted to be
20、 her pen-friend. He wanted to be 9 actor in the near future. Connie was glad to have 10 letter. She will answer it soon. 【keys】1. a 2. / 3. / 4. / 5. a 6. a 7. The 8. a 9. a 10. the 【综合训练】. Choose the best answer.1. Tonys father has made a drawing of beautiful dresses for a famous shop. Tonys father
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