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1、汉译英Translation from Chinese into EnglishC-E Translation 陈 荦 2012-2-14Section OneLexical Translation (I)学习目标 对比汉英词汇的异同,提高理解能力,扩大词汇量,翻译表达时做到用词贴切、搭配地道。学习关键: 克服词对词的翻译倾向,注重词的搭配习惯。学习重点:1.汉英构词法异同2.翻译时选词应注意的事项:1)词义辨析;2)注意搭配;3)不拘泥原文词性。4)意义和风格忠实。Contents:I. Introduction1. Inverse Translation-About C-E Transla
2、tion2. Course Description Translation Principle Aim of this Course Translation Criteria4) Contents of this CourseII. A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Vocabulary and Lexical Translation Strategy. (Lexical Translation)Bibliography:陈宏薇,李亚丹,新编汉英翻译教程M, 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2004.中国翻译J I. Introduction I
3、nverse Translation (逆向翻译)-Translation from the translators native language into a foreign language;also known as Service Translation (服务型翻译)inverse translation- A term used to describe a translation, either written or spoken, which is done from the translators native language (or language of habitua
4、l use). An alternative term for inverse translation is service translation. Pedagogical purpose (well-known Chinese translators working into English:杨宪益、程镇球etc.)2. Course Description Translation Principle-message Translation Criteria-diction, syntax, discourse (coherence and cohesion)3) Aim of this
5、Course-text types and translation3. Contents of this Course lexical translation sentence translation discourse translation text types and translation Glossary & sentence patterns Chinglish4. About the Assignment5. Reference books and lexicons每周汉译英时事政经词语选登 新的经济增长点 new growth areas in the economy 信息技术
6、 information technology (IT) 造假帐 falsified accounts 招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects 证券法 the Securities Law 政务公开 make government affairs public 自律机制 the self-restraining system 遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the law and honestly perform ones official duties 环保产业 en
7、vironmentally conscious businesses 生态农业 environment(ally)-friendly agriculture 增值服务 value-added services收、发货人 consignors and consignees配送货物 distribute goods提取货物 take delivery of goods免税 tax exemption退运手续 returning formalities存储期限 storage time分级分类、分拆分拣、分装、计量 grading and classification, dismantling an
8、d sorting out, separate packing, measuring保税物流园区 bonded logistic parks国际采购、分销和配送 international purchase, allocation and distributionWeekly Study of English Sentence Patterns and thatReturn to your work, and that at once.回去工作,而且要马上去。“and that “应译为“而且”,是加强语气的省略说法。”that “代表上文的全部或一部分,若代替前面的复数名词时,也可说成 “a
9、nd those”, 如With very short intervals of sleep, and those entirely filled with dreams.例句:The snow began to come down and that in earnest.开始下雪了,而且下得很大。Every moment may be put to some use, and that with much more pleasure than if unemployed.时时刻刻都是可加利用来做点什么事的,而且比不做事更为快乐。He speaks English, and that very
10、 well.他会说英语,而且说得很好。试译:I have tried in vain to account for the fact that with their absurd habits of eating and indolence, the German students can study so many hours and that to extreme old age.II. A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English Vocabulary and Translation Strategy. (Lexical Translation)
11、English Word-formation Conversion Derivation Compounding Clipping Blending Borrowing Initialism Back-formation2. Chinese Word-formation (1) Similarities compounding, affixation, sound-changing, abbreviation and borrowing (2) Differences reduplication (重叠法) conversion, back-formation (tape- recording
12、 tape-record 逆成法). (3) Chinese Word-formation and Translation Techniques 合成法 a. 汉语构词的主要方法,可用来构成名词、形容词、副词和动词,反映主谓、动宾、动补、并列和限定等关系。 b.例子见课本P37 c. TranslationE.g. 主谓关系:心跳:heartbeat, pant, cardiopalmus (翻译时应区分词性,文体)心虚:(做贼心虚) have (with) a guilty conscience; (缺乏自信心)lacking in self-confidence; diffident (翻
13、译时应辨义)眼看:soon; in a moment眼看天就要下雨了。Itll rain soon.她眼看着孩子跌倒了而不管。She sat idly by and watched the child fall.动宾关系:刺骨:刺骨的河水 icy river刺骨的风 icybiting bitterpiercingfreezingcutting wind刺骨之恨Hatred that penetrated to the bone; bitter hatred并列关系:(同义并列)波浪 wave敏捷 swift舍弃 to abandon; to discard(反义并列)得失 gain and
14、loss; success and failure权衡得失Weigh gains and losses; 从不计较个人得失。Never give a thought to personal gain or loss.善恶 good and evil他善恶不分,常常以善报恶。He never distinguishes the good from the bad and always returns good for evil. 是非 right and wrong是非问题A matter of right and wrong明辨是非to distinguish clearly between
15、right and wrong惹是生非 to stir up trouble; to provoke a disputeHandy Tips: 翻译时应注意:不可逐字翻译,不可复制原文修饰关系,不宜照搬词性,应灵活处理。译无定法。2) 缀合法 定义 缀合法是将不能独立使用的语素即语缀,附加在词干的后面组合成词的方法。 “ 什么是语缀?朱德熙先生在语法讲义中第二章第五节中讲了后缀。认为语缀有这样一些特征:(1)没有实在的词汇意义。(2)不能单独使用。(3)只能做构词成分。 “词缀本来是有意义的,“不想撞见张驴儿父子两个,那老张问道有张驴儿数次调戏你女孩儿”(窦娥冤),何乐士评论说,由此可见,“老
16、还有些形容词的作用”(何乐士,54页)。直到今天,“老”也没有完全失去意义,“老张”也许不太老,但也不会很年青。在 “老师”、 “老兄”、“老弟”、“老茧”这些词里多多少少能体味出某种“老”的含义。不过,词缀原有的含义,即使仍有所保留,通常也比较浅淡,有时则已完全消失。“老弟”之“老”,和“老”的本义已相去甚远,要在“老师”、“老虎”、“老鼠”这些词里去挖掘共通的意义,近乎徒劳。所以我们在这里还是应当把“老”看作词缀而不看作一个独立具有意义的单位。(陈荦:翻译时, “老师”、 “老虎”、 “老鼠”中的 “老”应弱化。意义保留较多的词缀应考虑翻译出来。如: 窦娥冤中的”老张”可译为 “that
17、old fool”; “that old guy”; “that old bloke”,但不译为 “old Zhang”) 汉英语缀对比A汉语的语缀远不如英语多。吕叔湘先生在汉语语法分析问题中提出: 语缀一般分为前缀、后缀、中缀。汉语里地道的语缀不很多,前缀有“阿”、“第”、“初”、“老”(鼠、虎、师、表)、“小”(鸡儿、孩儿、辫儿)等,后缀有“子”、“儿”、“头”、 “巴”、“者”、“们”、“然”等,中缀只有“得”、 “不” (看得出、看不出)。(吕叔湘汉语语法论文集 , 商务印书馆 , 1984年4月第1版 , 第517页) B. 汉语语缀的字形与词根没有差别,英语语缀的字形与词根差别很大
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