[英语]简要高中语法.doc
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1、一、定语从句一 定于从句的关系词that指物,有时也指人,在从句中做主语或宾语The girl that is standing under the tree is Mary.The book that he gave me was not the one that I lent him.which指物,做主语或宾语The chair which I sat in was a broken one.The college which we visited yesterday was very good.who, whom指人,分别作主语和宾语The man who did the robber
2、y has been caught.Whos the boy whom you were talking to just now?whose指人,作定语Mr John is the person whose bike was stolen.when指时间,做时间状语I still remember the day when I first met him 7 years ago.where指地点,做地点状语That is the factory where he worked several Years ago.why指原因,做原因状语Please give me a reason why y
3、ou are late again.二 关系词的用法1 只能使用that的情况1)当先行词是nothing, something, anything,all,each等不定代词时All that I want is peace and quiet.2) 当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时I have some friends that are very interesting.3)当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时This is the first gift that I bought for my mother.The tallest buil
4、ding that I have ever seen is this one.4)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时This is the very book that I lost yesterday.5)当先行词又有人有有物时The guests spoke highly of the children and their performance that they saw at the childrens Palace6)当主语中含有疑问词which时Which are the books that you bought f
5、or me?7)当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时China is not the country that it used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be.8)当主语以There be 结构开头时There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for you.2 只能使用which的情况1)非限制性定语从句中Mary has a book, wh
6、ich is very precious2)在介词之后This is a house in which lives an old man3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时 That god which I found in the street belongs to Mary.4)当关系代词后面带有插入语时Ive bought you some books which, I think, may interest you.3 只用who不用that1)先行词是one,ones或anyone时Anyone who breaks the law should be punishedShe is t
7、he only one of the students who has been to Beijing2)先行词是those或被those修饰,指人时Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.3)在以there be的句子中,先行词为人时There is a girl outside who wants to see you4)当定于从句中又有定语从句。且先行词都为人时The student that won the first prize is the monitor who work
8、s hard5)在非限制性定语从句中指人I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come back from America6)定语从句中有插入语时Jim is a man who I believe is honest4 as & which1)非限制性定语从句中,两者均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分,在从句中做主语、宾语、表语。如从句在主句之后,两者皆可用。They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/ which in fact sh
9、e is.2)如从句在主句之前,用asAs we all know, his parents were killed in the war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3)如关系代词代表主句全句意思,有“正如。”“就像。”之意时,用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected三 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句Now Chinese people know more and more about
10、WTO, which China entered in 2001All the members of WTO know the day when China joined it in 2001.单项选择1 Some of the passengers told the reporters about their _ in the burning train.A details B trips C events D experiences2 In a way, I think, we both won; I won the game, but cousin won my _A friendshi
11、p B respect C support D favor3 Jack London worked very hard and finally he_ his goal. A made B found C developed D achieved4 Because of the snow he drove just 280 kilometers in five hours, and the _ speed was 56 kph. A basic B whole C total D average5 The performance _ nearly three hours, but few pe
12、ople left the theater early.A covered B reached C played D lasted6 With the development of social construction, our country will _ more and more advanced technology and management from abroad.A lead B bring C introduce D result 7 - Keep me informed _ the latest news. - OK A by B at C for D of8 _ is
13、a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A There B This C That D It9 It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.A how B which C that D where10 I dont like the way _ you laugh at her A which B in which C by which D on which用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空1 Wh
14、o is the man _ is reading the newspaper over there?2 The girl _ I mentioned just now was the not the one that you are talking about.3 A chemists shop is a shop _ sells medicine.4 The film_ we saw last was wonderful.5 Who is the man _ you just talked to?6 This is the house_ I lived two years ago.7 Th
15、e factory _ his father works is in the west of the city.8 This is the reason_ he was late for class.9 Do you have anything_ is important to tell me?10 I have some books _ are very good.11 This is the first present _ I bought myself.12 The biggest bird _ I caught is this bird.13 Which is the house _
16、you bought for your daughter?14 Peter has a pen, _ is very expensive.15 A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.16 In 1998, he went to Oxford University_ he got interested in Chinese culture.17 David was one of the most helpful students _ we ever had.18 Most of the students_ he taught
17、have become his friends.19 Is that the reading room _ has newspapers and magazines?20 Its a place _ has big desks but no anything else.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句介词的宾语只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),即介词+which/whom1) 当介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which或Whom,关系代词不能省略He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadnt b
18、een cleaned for at least a year.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.2) 当介词位于定语从句的句末时,可用that/which (指物),that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are proud of.This is the pen (which/that) I wrote the letter with.3) “复合介词短语
19、+冠词代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开,定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.注意:在一些固定的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前This is the pen which Im looking for.This is the pen for which Im looking. 4) 介词+which/whom+不定式结构The poor man has no house in which to live.T
20、he poor man has no house to live in.The poor man has no house in which he can live.2 介词+关系代词中介词的确定 一些原则:1)根据先行词与介词的搭配决定好He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.Nearby were two boats in which they had come to the island.2) 根据先行词在定语从句中所表达的意思决定There are two buildings, the larger of
21、which stands nearly a hundred feet high.The factory produces million pairs of shoes every year, 81% of which are sold abroad.3) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配决定Now Mary and Jim have two possessions in which they both took great pride.The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was a great suc
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