[英语学习]A Comparison of Chinese and Western Priacy Concepts.doc
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1、AbstractKnowing the different views on privacy between Chinese and Western cultures is important to improve the ability to communicate in cross-cultural environment. This paper is to make a comparison of the views on privacy between Chinese and Westerns and analyze the reasons of the differences.Key
2、 words: privacy views in China and West; comparison; reasons1. IntroductionSocial being is the nature of human being but the close connection between human beings and their personal affairs is also the inherent nature of human beings. The psychology to protect privacy evolved with the development of
3、 peoples wisdom. The origin is the sense of shame recorded in Bible. In Genesis of Bible, the first thing that Adam and Eve did after eating fruit of wisdom was that they knew shame and picked fig leaves to cover their bodies. The scholar, ZHANG Xing-bao thinks that the sense of knowing shame and co
4、vering body is the proof of the beginning that people became aware of privacy (WANG Xiu-zhe, 2005: 137).1.1 Background of the ResearchIn the current social environment, people are placing more emphasis on privacy, and going to greater lengths to have their privacy protected and respected. In cross-c
5、ultural communication, we cling to our respective cultural backgrounds, so realizing differences on both sides is the premise of successful communication. Privacy, as a psychological concept, it is very easy to be misunderstood. Due to the differences between Chinese and western cultural background,
6、 and different concept of values, the meaning and category of privacy are different; the privacy of consciousness is also different in international intercourse unavoidably. But the concept of privacy is not constant, and it will change with different times and places. Privacy is a kind of common ph
7、enomenon; it exists in every culture, just different in how its expressed. The conventional view is that Chinese culture is absolutely collectivism, there is no privacy in the Chinese collective interior, meanwhile, sensitive issues such as privacy in cross-cultural communication is absolutely confl
8、ict. This view is not appropriate, and is a misunderstanding of Chinese privacy culture. Especially now, the development of economic globalization promotes steps of worlds cultural communication and also the understandings in different civilizations. In this process, the ideas of people are also cha
9、nging a lot. The so-called taboo that in peoples daily life or work there is a limit of self-discipline, different ethnic culture has different taboo. In our daily interactions, especially in cross-cultural communication, we have to deal with this issue seriously. 1.1.1 Definition and history of pri
10、vacyThe concept of privacy began in the West. It is an individual or groups control of the regulatory mechanism of interaction with others, and is a human survival characteristic. Implicit, which means hidden, do not want to share inconvenient things; private, which means private affairs, is present
11、 in the affairs of private living space. Private living space that exists in secret affairs, activities and related information is privacy. It related to the public living space, the field of public life, public affairs, activities and information is the corresponding. Mr. Wang Liming summarized Pri
12、vacy as a kind of non public interest, and non independent of group interests, someone does not want to interfere in the personal affairs and fields of others” Specifically, privacy refers to personal information, private activities, and private sector. In recent years, domestic cultural studies of
13、privacy problem exist in two tendencies: A tendency is to Westerners (English-speaking people) the concept of privacy as the only criteria for judging the value which Chinese do not treat it as privacy. The other is a tendency to think that westerners are too focused on privacy.Reference to Western
14、concepts about privacy: 1. Western academic discussion on privacy issues, from the American scholar Warren and Brandeis defined privacy. In 1890, these two writers defined the Privacy in The Right to Privacy as a right. Blacks Law Dictionary says that privacy is the right to private life without int
15、erference, or a private matter right shall not be disclosed without permission. 2. Ci Hai Dictionary” will be defined as someone dose not want to tell the privacy of people, also refers to some shady things. In our current law, there is no express reference to privacy provisions of the word. 3. Priv
16、acy not only has objective definition, but also coupled with the subjective understanding of individual differences because of different social and cultural backgrounds.Western scholars Alan.F.Westin defines four types of privacy: solitude, intimacy, and anonymity, self-reserve. Altman also thinks p
17、rivacy is not more than one sort. He defined privacy as self or group for others contact do selective control. Altman Ming points privacy into individual privacy and group privacy. From the formulation of Chinese and western concept of privacy, we first specifically is the privacy in Chinese and in
18、English is different. Chinese privacy refers to specific behavior; here we dont discuss these behaviors legal or illegal and moral or amoral. These behaviors are not rights, which protected by law on the level of the west. And without, obviously refers to the rights of private life without interfere
19、nce, or personal things without permission in public rights.Privacy is a psychological concept; it is an objective environment for the attitudes, beliefs, and how to understand in the environment view. Privacy reveals a psychological environment. Conventional wisdom is that Eastern cultures (e.g. Ch
20、ina) are not stressed individual privacy, and individual rights than obligations. Webster Dictionary is the interpretation of privacy: 1. Private, from the state of public attention or companionship; 2. Independent, to avoid non-consensual. In short, privacy is a part of individual independence. Con
21、cerned about personal privacy interests have been, and not by other factors or people interfere. Note that state. And Altman (I. Altman) thinks privacy is that people or groups allowed access to self-selective control mechanisms.In fact, privacy is a universal phenomenon. It exists in the display of
22、 different cultural values, but its manifestations and to differing degrees. For example, in the traditional sense, the Chinese often express themselves through the physical form of privacy, with the outside world cut off to protect privacy such as walls and fences. In Beijing traditional courtyard,
23、 the Great Wall, the ancient Chinese cities walls and moat, round the south Hakka Earth Buildings, etc., revealing the concept of the Chinese peoples privacy: the personal privacy is more important than the privacy of groups, this is reflecting the Chinese culture and re-group or collective and indi
24、vidual characteristics of light; individual interests to collective needs. In Western society, the privacy of an individual state of mind is an individual as a persons state of its recognition and protection is a doctrine from the perspective of human rights and obtained a subjective recognition. Ch
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