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1、 北京四中网校学案导学 0971-6130400高二英语学案导学Unit 1 Making a difference 一学习目标: Talk about science and scientists Practice describing people and debating Learn more about the Infinitive 2 学习重点: the use of the Infinitive 不定式的使用必修课程:ID#64645 动词不定式讲解 毕勤 ID#18039 动词不定式 毕勤3 学习难点:1. 不定式的时态与语态2. 不定式的主动式与被动式四学习策略: 1. 不定式
2、可以和疑问代词连用。 2. 理解不定式的功能,可以充当的句子成分。 3. 不定式时态和语态的变化。 4. 注意不定式省略to的各种情况。 5. 掌握直接加不定式作宾语的动词。五学习过程(一) 重点词汇1._有前途的;有希望的 2._ 定了婚的;从事;忙于3._结婚;父母嫁女儿 4._ 按照;依照;根据5._ 结果变成,竟然 6._ 与匹敌; 与相配7._继续工作 8._走过;过去9._用完;用尽 10._继续做某事11._梦想;梦到 12._对表示满意或满足13._看 14._如果怎么样15._相反地;从相反方向(二) 课文精讲1. If what they are observing can
3、 be tested in a practical way, scientists will use experiments.如果科学家们正观察的东西可以实际测试,他们就利用实验的手段。这是一个双重复合句结构。主句是句末的scientists will use experiments,从句是if引导的条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中又存在主从复合句,what they are observing是主语从句,做can be tested的主语。2. People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to under
4、stand him, because his thoughts and ideas often seem as large as the universe he is trying to describe.听霍金演讲的人有时发现理解他的话很困难,因为他的思想和见解常常就像他正在设法描述的宇宙一样广阔。句子中的find it difficult to understand中的it是形式宾语,代替后面真正的宾语动词不定式,形容词difficult做宾语补足语。在这一句型结构中,还可以用名词做宾语补足语,也可以用从句做真正的宾语。常用于这类结构的动词还有:think, believe, make,
5、guess, feel, suppose等。如:Every student thinks it easy to work out the problem.每个学生都认为算出这道题很容易。We thought it necessary that a meeting should be held.我们认为有必要开一个会议。He felt it his duty to help others. 他认为帮助别人是他的责任。3. It was only later that the world recognized his greatness.只是后来世人才认可了他伟大的一面。这是一个强调句型,其结构为
6、:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that, 如:It was the training he once had that made him fit for the job.是他以前受过的训练使他称职。It was not until midnight that I went to bed. 直到半夜我才睡觉。(三)词语辨析1.fear, frighten二者均意为“害怕”。但是fear意思是“害怕”,而frighten意思是“使人害怕”。 如: He is a brave man who doesnt fear any danger.他是一个勇敢的人,不害怕任何危险。The soun
7、d from the kitchen frightened her. 从厨房发出的声音使她很害怕。2.close, closely二者均可做副词。close为具体的距离上的近,而closely为抽象的“紧密的,密切的”。 如:Sit close to me. 靠近我坐。 These two things are closely connected. 这两件事关系很密切。3.believe, believe inbelieve意思是“相信(某人的话)”,而believe in为“信任”。 如:I believe what he said but I dont believe in him.我相信
8、他说的话但我并不信任他。此外,believe in还可以表示“信仰;信奉”。如:Christians believe in Jesus. 基督徒信奉耶酥。4.on fire, on the fireon fire意思是“着火”,而on the fire 表示“在火上”。如:The building was on fire. 大楼着火了。Please put the meat on the fire. 请把肉放在火上烤。5.discover, inventdiscover表示“发现(本来存在,但不为人所知的物体)”;invent表示“发明(本来不存 在的事物)”。如:Columbus disco
9、vered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是谁发明了电话么?(4) 语法讲解本单元的语法重点是动词不定式的功能。动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用。在句中可以作主语、表语 、宾语、宾语 补足语、定语和状语。例如:1) To get up early is a good habit. 早起是一种好习惯。(不定式做主语)不定式作主语时,往往在句首用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式)放在句尾, 从而避免头重脚轻的现象。例如上句话就可以写成:It is a good habit to get up
10、 early. 注意:不定式作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。2) All he wanted to do was to have a nice meal. 他要做的是大吃一顿。(不定式作表语)不定式作表语通常表示某一次具体的特别是将来的动作。3) My father likes to have a walk after supper.父亲喜欢晚饭后散一会儿步。(不定式作宾语)可以用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, offer, promise, pretend, intend, de
11、cide, agree, show, teach, expect, ask等。另外,tell, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn等动词,常用一个带连接副(代)词的不定式作宾语:We must decide whether to go or stay. 我们得决定去还是留。4) He advised me to go to see the doctor at once.他建议我马上去看医生。(不定式作宾语补足语)某些感官动词和使役动词,如make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等后面需
12、加上不带to的不定式作宾语补足语:Let me do it for you. 让我来替你做。5) Listen carefully. I have something important to say.认真听。我有些重要的事情要说。(不定式作定语)与一般的形容词作定语不同,不定式作定语时,不能放在所修饰的名词或代词之前,而要放在它们后面。即定语后置。如:They had no chance to go to school in those years.那时候他们没有机会上学。6) He came here to say hello to you. 他来向你问好。(不定式作状语)不定式所充当的主
13、要是目的状语,此外,还可以表示原因或结果。如:We are very happy to hear of your success.听说你们成功了我们都很高兴。(不定式作原因状语)(5) 典型例题1. The teacher told them _ (not)make so much noise. 2. Our master often told us _ ( not take) things for granted. take sth for granted “把某事想当然”, 是一个固定词组。Eg. You shouldnt take it for granted that everyone
14、 should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。 3. Tell him _ (not shut) the window. 4. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ (never drive) after drinking. 5. The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. Worked 6. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eati
15、ng not C. not to eat D. not eating 7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 8. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 9. I saw him _ (g
16、o) out of the room. 10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. 11. Ive heard him _ (speak) about you often. 12. Though he had often made his little sister _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his little sister. 13. He was made _. A. go B. gone C. going D. to go 14. Joh
17、n was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 15. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 16. Therere so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B.
18、which C. how D. where 17. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 18.- Have you decided when _? - Yes, tomorrow morning. A. to leaveB. to be leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving 19. Last summe
19、r I took a course on _. A. how to make dressesB. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made 20. He doesnt know _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will 21. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
20、 22. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 23. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 24. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evenin
21、g. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 25. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make fri
22、ends D. make friends with 27. Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing 28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 29. Tom kept quiet about the ac
23、cident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 30. I need a day or two _. A. to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking 31. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking 32. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first com
24、puter. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 33. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing 34. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 35. Its
25、freezing outside. You _ put on your overcoat. A. had better to B. had better C. would betterD. would better to 36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 37. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating
26、 38. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 39. She did nothing _ at the photo. A. except lookB. but to look C. except to lookD. but looking 40. I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the
27、problems. A. spend B. spare C. save D. share 41. They wont let their teacher _ in that way. A. to be treatedB. being treated C. treatedD. be treated 42. John, you must get your room _ after breakfast. A. to be cleanedB. to clean C. cleaningD. cleaned 43. The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very
28、difficult one. A. being discussedB. discussed C. to be discussedD. to discuss 44. He reached the station _ only _ that the train had just left. A. tired; learnedB. tiring;learning C. to tire; to learnD. tired; to learn 45. - Did that book give the information you needed? - Yes, but _, we had to read
29、 it almost entirely. A. for finding it B. to find it C. finding it D. by finding it 46. Im sorry I forgot _your dictionary. Lets borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing 47. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at 48. T
30、his problem is said _ three times. A. to have been talked B. to have discussed C. having been discussed D. to have been talked about 49. Everybody believed the man _ away the diamond ring. A. be taken B. taking C. to take D. to have taken 50. I prefer _(read) rather than _(watch). (六)总结测评所学重点:好题 所属知
31、识点分析注意的问题错题及原因Unit 2News media 栏目:视听课堂 课件名称: News media 课件ID:34338 、34339主讲教师:邵紫一 学习目标:Talk about news and the mediaPractice expressing opionionsLearn about the Past Participle:used as Attibute and PredicativeWrite a comparison paragraph二 学习策略:动词的过去分词可以表示被动和完成两种语法意义,它在句中可以作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。ID#245356(过
32、去分词小结,文本)ID#138297(过去分词的用法,视频)(一) 重点词汇1._ 上升,增长,攀登 2._烧毁,(使)烧成平地3._就这一次 4._沉溺于 5._通知;告诉 6._即使,纵然,虽然7._对表示注意 8._在各方面,到处9._改变主意 10._时事11._尊敬,钦佩 12._爱上13._呈现=take on,appear;介绍 14._努力;艰难的尝试(二) 课文精讲1. Even though I have interviewed many famous people, the story I like best is about an ordinary young woma
33、n who tried to adapt to her new life after studying abroad.尽管我做过很多名人专访,但我还是最喜欢这个故事一个普通年轻女子在留学回国后是如何适应她的新生活的。本句是一个由even though引导的让步状语从句。在主句中又包含两个定语从句。一个是the story做先行词,I like best做定语;另一个是an ordinary young woman做先行词,who tried toabroad做定语。2. The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to
34、situations where help is needed.媒体能够帮助解决问题,并且吸引人们关注那些需要帮助的情况。本句的主语为the media, help和draw是两个并列的谓语动词。where help is needed做先行词situations的定语。3. The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and o
35、pinions are tolerated.结果会使人们更好地了解世界的方方面面,以至于在未来的世界里,所有国家的人都能受到尊重,不同观点和见解都能受到包容。本句的主语为the result, is是谓语动词。leading to为非谓语动词做伴随状语,可以替换为定语从句。where引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词a future world, 又如:He was late for school again, which made the teacher angry.他上学又迟到了,让老师很生气。This is the factory where he worked last year.这是他去年
36、工作过的工厂。三、 词语辨析1.beat, winbeat的意思是“打败”,后接人或对手,而win则为“赢得”,后接事物。如:Our team beat theirs at football.我们的足球队打败了他们的队伍。He won the match again, which made him proud of himself.他赢得了比赛,使他很自豪。2.rob, stealrob是“抢劫”其结构为:rob sb. of sth.; steal是“偷”,结构是:steal sth. from sb.。如:He robbed me of my bag. 他抢了我的包。He stole my
37、 bag from me. 他把我的包偷走了。3.injure, hurt二者均为“受伤”。injure 侧重强调在意外事故中受伤,而hurt侧重强调心理上受到伤害。如:He was injured in the car accident. 他在交通事故中受伤了。His word hurt me deeply. 他的话把我深深刺伤了。4.in the field, on the fieldin the field表示“在田野上,在领域”,on the field表示“在战场上”。如Crops grow well in the field. 田地里的庄稼长得很好。He has done well
38、 in the field of teaching. 他在教书领域里表现很好。He was brave on the field. 他在战场上表现得很勇敢。5.even if, even though二者均表示“即使”。但是even if侧重强调假设,而even though侧重强调事实。如:She loves him, even if he is poor. (He may be poor.)She loves him, even though he is poor. (He is poor)(四) 语法讲解本单元的语法重点是过去分词作定语和表语。1)过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时相当于一个
39、定语从句,表示动作的被动或完成。Where is the broken glass?碎了的杯子在哪儿?He likes to eat smoked fish.他喜欢吃熏鱼。一般说来,不及物动词没有被动语态,因此不能用过去分词作定语。但有少数表示动作移动的不及物动词的过去分词可以做定语,这时它没有被动的含义,而表示动作的完成。如:Please remove the fallen leaves. 请把落叶扫干净。The police are looking for the escaped prisoner. 警方正在搜捕逃犯。注意:单个的过去分词作定语时要放在所修饰的名词之前,如果是过去分词短语,
40、则需后置。如:I have his written promise. 我有他的书面保证。Here is his promise written 3 days ago. 这是他三天前写的保证。2)过去分词作表语过去分词可以放在系动词之后作表语,在形式上相当于一个被动语态,但它不强调动作的被动,而表示主语所处的状态。She looked disappointed. 她看起来很失望。We are quite pleased at the news. 我们对这个消息相当满意。能够作表语用的过去分词很多,其中的大部分已经变成了形容词,如:upset, decided, discouraged, drun
41、k, amused, hurt, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, complicated, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, astonished, crowded, contented等。(五)经典例题1You should understand the traffic rule by nowYouve had it _ often enoughAexplaining Bto explain Cexplain DexplainedD提示:此题考查“have something done”这个结构,此结构的意思为主语让别人做某事,过去分词在此作宾语补足语。2Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get
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