新历史主义解读《哈姆雷特》6926683.doc
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1、毕 业 论 文学生姓名学 号院 (系)外国语学院专 业英语(师范)题 目新历史主义解读哈姆雷特New Historicist Reading of HamletA Thesis Submittedto School of Foreign LanguagesHuaiyin Normal Universityin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree of Bachelor of ArtsByLiu LuSupervisor:Xu XiaobingMay 10, 2013淮阴师范学院毕业论文AcknowledgementsI w
2、ant to express my appreciation to many who supported my efforts in writing this dissertation during past few months.I am greatly indebted to Prof. Ms. Xu who patiently helped me and gave me a lot of useful information. It took her a large amount of time to read and improve my paper. Without her help
3、, I would have failed to finish my paper. I am deeply impressed by her hardworking spirit. Hearty thanks should also be given to Professor Zhang Xiuguo, who has offered the course Essay Writing that tell us how to write a well-formed thesis.Special thanks should be extended my classmates who show th
4、eir kind encouragement and useful suggestions to me during my writing process.iAbstractHamlet is regarded as the peak of Shakespeares artistic creation. From then on, the play has been studied by a large number of literary scholars, many of whom hold various opinions about the text, so-called “there
5、 are one thousand Hamlets in one thousand readers minds”. The objective of this thesis is to disclose the relationship between Hamlet and its historical context by applying the major theories of New Historicism, especially the New Historicist dictum of “historicity of text and textuality of history”
6、. Based on New Historicism, the thesis examines the text from three aspects: firstly, Shakespeares creational background of Hamlet; secondly, the influence of the historical context on Hamlet which makes the play a representation of the Elizabethan era and the specific effect of Hamlet on the constr
7、uction of the historical context of the Elizabethan era. Last,the important role playing in the development of drama and culture. Thus,the new historicist reading of Hamlet will highlight some cultural aspects of the text. Keywords: Hamlet; Shakespeare; New Historicism;historicity;textuality ii摘要哈姆雷
8、特是莎士比亚艺术创作的巅峰之作。时至今日,莎翁评论家依然对该剧众说纷纭,真所谓“有一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特”。本文运用“文本的历史性和历史的文本性”这一新历史主义最重要的理论,挖掘哈姆雷特与它所产生的社会历史环境间的“对话性”关系。本文从三个层面解析文本:首先探讨莎士比亚创作哈姆雷特的历史背景;其次哈姆雷特反映了伊丽莎白时代的特定历史背景,揭示历史对文本的影响;最终指出哈姆雷特在英国戏剧和文化发展中所起的重大历史作用。因此,本文将有助于文本的文化层面的解读。关键词:哈姆雷特;莎士比亚;新历史主义;历史性;文本性iiiContents1. Introduction12. An Introdu
9、ction to New Historicism22.1 The definition of New Historicism22.2 Major theories of New Historicism23. Hamletthe Product of Shakespeares Negotiation with the Historical Context43.1 The dynamic role Shakespeare played in creating Hamlet43.1.1 Shakespeare, a secret Catholic sympathizer43.1.2 Shakespe
10、ares interest in mental problems53.2 The submissive role Shakespeare played in creating Hamlet74. HamletA Realistic Representation of the Society in the Elizabethan Era84.1 A brief account of the religious and social background of the Elizabethan era94.2 Characters in Hamlet: typical figures of the
11、Elizabethan era104.2.1The role of Hamlet in the text104.2.2The role of Fortinbras in the text115. The Historical Power of Hamlet11iv5.1 Dramatic level125.2 Cultural level136. Conclusion14Works Cited16v1. Introduction Shakespeares Hamlet has aroused hot discussions among many critics in all ages. Fro
12、m the early 17th century, the play was famous for its ghost and vivid dramatization of melancholy and insanity, leading to a procession of mad courtiers and ladies in Jacobean and Caroline drama. This view changed drastically in the 18th century, when critics regarded Hamlet as a heroa pure, brillia
13、nt young man thrust into unfortunate circumstances. For example, Gilbert Murray said in his “Hamlet and Orestes” that “The things that thrill and amaze us in Hamlet . but things belong to the old stories and the old magic rites” (171). By the 19th century, literary criticism came to focus more on ch
14、aracter and less on plot. In the 20th century, criticism branched in several directions, discussed in context and interpretation. However, few critics pay much attention to its historical background. The author was invoked by them into a serious thinking about the specific relationship between Hamle
15、t and its historical background. Is Hamlet deeply influenced by the historical background? Does it have some influence on the history in return? And how did Shakespeare create such a play at that particular time? New Historicism offers a perspective for authors thinking because “the relationship bet
16、ween history and text remain in the center of the New Historicist arguments” (Zhu G 260). The theories of New Historicism would provide me with wider and firmer basis to make a systematic study on the relationship between Hamlet and its historical context, which in this specific aspect, could be mor
17、e in depth than the previous studies. The author would like to divide her dissertation into mainly four parts. In chapter 1, the author would give a brief introduction is given to New Historicism and its major theories, especially those which are feasible for the research on Hamlet to offer a theore
18、tical basis for my research. Author would focus on the author, Shakespeare in chapter 2, applying some theories of New Historicism such as “social energy” and “negotiation” to analyze how Shakespeare produced Hamlet. The next two chapters deal with the relationship between the text Hamlet and the hi
19、storical context of the Elizabethan Era with the help of the well-known New Historicist dictum of “historicity of texts” and “textuality of history” separately. In chapter 3, the author would discuss the influence of history on the text which makes the play a realistic recording of the Elizabethan E
20、ra. And the author would discuss in chapter 4 the influence of the text on the historical contextthe historical power of Hamlet. On the whole, the author would do a research on Shakespeares Hamlet from the perspective of New Historicism in order to show the important value of this play to analyze in
21、ter-influence between the play and the historical context of the Elizabethan Era, and to approach again to the relationship between history and text.2. An Introduction to New Historicism2.1 The definition of New Historicism According to the New World Encyclopedia, “New Historicism is an approach to
22、literary criticism and literary theory based on the premise that a literary work should be considered a product of the time, place, and historical circumstances of its composition rather than as an isolated work of art or text”. New Historicism suggests literature must be studied and interpreted wit
23、hin the context of both the history of the author and the history of the critic. New Historicists aim simultaneously to understand the work through its historical context and to understand cultural and intellectual history through literature, which documents the new discipline of the history of idea
24、s. Unlike previous historical criticism, which limited itself to simply demonstrating how a work reflected its time, it evaluates how the work is influenced by the time in which the author wrote it. It also examines the social sphere in which the author moved the psychological background of the writ
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