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1、off here, the conductor said. This is as far as we go. Is this Woodford Green ? I asked. Oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. I forgot to put you off. It doesnt matter, I said. Ill get off here. We are going back now, said the conductor. Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus, I answered.L
2、esson51 Reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏My friend, Herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Herbert loves: but
3、ter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Herbert was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked
4、 him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! Lesson52 A pretty car
5、pet 漂亮的地毯We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning. I have been trying to get my new room in order. This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books. To make matters worse, the room is rather small, so I have temporarily put my books on the floor. At the
6、moment, they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. She went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. This is the pr
7、ettiest carpet I have ever seen, she said. She gazed at it for some time then added, You dont need bookcases at all. You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! Lesson53 Hot snake 触电的蛇At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find
8、 out how the fire began. Forest fire are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This
9、morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the
10、 ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.Lesson54 Sticky fingers 粘糊的手指After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to market. It was still early w
11、hen I returned home. The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. So I decided to make some tarts for tea. In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. At exactly that moment, the telephone rang. Nothing could h
12、ave been more annoying. I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Mrs Bates. It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. At last I hung up the receiver. What a mess! There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the
13、door-knobs. I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead. This time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter !Lesson55 Not a gold mine 并非金矿Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. A new machine called The Re
14、vealer has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where-it is said-pirates used to hide gold. The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. Armed with the new machine, a sear
15、ch party went he did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.Lesson58 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗?The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a cursed tree. Because the tree was mentione
16、d in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many vi
17、llagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all th
18、at has been said, the tourists-have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!Lesson59 In or out ? 进来还是出去?Our dog, Rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would
19、 bark until someone opened the gate. As the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. However, when I was going out shopping last week, I noticed him in the garden near the g
20、ate. This time he was barking so that someone would let him out ! Since then, he has developed another bad habit. As soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. Then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. After this he immediately lets
21、himself in and begins barking again. Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. Lesson60 The future 卜算未来At a village fair, I decided to visit a fortune-teller called Madam Bellinsky. I went into her tent and she told me to sit down. After I had given her
22、 some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said: A relation of yours is coming to see you. She will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. The moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. A woman you know well will rush towards you. She will speak to you and th
23、en she will lead you away from this place. That is all. As soon as I went outside, I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. Where have you been hiding ? she asked impatiently. Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. We ar
24、e late already. As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair. Lesson61 Trouble with the Hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境In future, astronauts will be required to descend from a spaceship while it is still in space and to return to it. The ability to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planet
25、s. Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. The spaceship Astra which left the earth a short time ago, will be travelling three hundred miles into space. At a certain point, the Astra will stop for a short time and an astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and the
26、n return to it. We shall not know whether the experiment has been successful until we have received a radio message. The first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening. By that time, the Astra will have been flying through space for seventeen hours and will have circled the earth a gre
27、at many times. When the first radio messages have been received, the results of the trip will be announced immediately.Lesson62 After the fire 大火之后Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. A short time before, great trees had covered the
28、 countryside for miles around. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. When the fire had at
29、 last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. By then, however, in many place
30、s the grass had already taken root. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. Lesson63 She was not amused 她并不觉得好笑Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. Everybody admires
31、him for his fine sense of humor-everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny. Recently, one of Geoffreys closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. This is the sort of thing that Geoffrey loves. He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenn
32、y. He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. As soon as he had finished, Jenny told him she wanted to go home. Geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. On the way home, he asked Jenny if she had enjoyed t
33、he speech. To his surprise, she said she hadnt. Geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!Lesson64 The Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道In l858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunne
34、l across the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an生猪
35、标准化规模养殖小区建设项目可行性研究报告主管部门:贵州省农业厅 建设地点:贵州省沿河土家族自治县二OO七年九月目 录一、项目摘要5二、项目建设的必要性和可行性6 (一)项目建设的必要性 (二)项目建设的可行性 三、市场供求分析及预测10 四、项目承担单位的基本情况10 五、项目地点选择分析 .11 (一)项目县基本情况(二)项目实施地点基本情况 六、技术方案分析 .14 (一)技术方案(1)选址与布局 (2)品种与质量(3)饲养技术与规范管理(4)疫病防治与卫生(5)废弃物处理与利用(二)产品方案七、项目建设目标 17 (一)指导思想 (二)总体目标 (三)具体目标 八、项目建设内容 .18
36、九、投资估算和资金筹措19 (一)投资估算 (二)资金筹措方案 十、建设期限和实施进度安排20 (一)建设期限(二)实施进度十一、土地、规划和环保 .20 十二、项目组织管理与运行 .21 (一)成立项目建设领导小组(二)成立项目技术指导小组(三)组织管理措施(四)项目运行十三、效益分析与风险评价 .25 (一)生态效益 (二)社会效益 (三)经济效益 (四)财务效益分析 (五)项目不确定因素分析 十四、项目招标方案 .29十五、证明材料31 1、分析表(1)项目建设投资估算表(2)固定资产折旧表(3)单位成本估算表(4)经营成本估算表(5)销售收入估算表(6)项目损益表(7)项目投资计划与年
37、度分配表(8)现金流量表(9)敏感性分析表(10-1、10-2、10-3)(10)各养殖小区基本情况表(表14)2、项目区域布局图3、小区平面图4、土地利用手续5、环评手续6、项目呈报文件7、配套资金承诺函8、法人证书9、各小区建设投资分配情况表(表14)十六、小结.32十七、附表.321、生猪标准化规模养殖小区建设项目基本情况表2、生猪标准化规模养殖小区建设内容、规模、及投资估算表一 、项目摘要(一)项目名称:生猪标准化规模养殖小区建设(二)项目建设单位:贵州省沿河土家族自治县畜牧水产事业局(三)项目建设地点:泉坝乡泉坡村、淇滩镇茶坛村、黑水乡大山村、黑水乡建权村、板场乡徐家村、谯家镇水田村
38、。(四)项目建设年限:1年,即2007年9月至2008年9月。(五)项目建设内容及规模:圈舍标准化改造8000平方米,道路硬化2000平方米,净化池(坑)1500立方米,完善水、电、路、防疫等配套设施建设,建成标准化养猪小区6个,年出栏优质商品猪4000头。(六)投资估算:总投资218万元。其中,中央预算内国债资金105万元,地方配套 10.5万元,农户自筹102.5万元。(七)项目运行:按照“建小区、壮龙头、促连接、带农户”的发展思路,采取“部门引导,市场运作,业主经营,自负盈亏”的运行方式,扎实推进生猪标准化规模养殖小区建设,示范带动全生猪生态养殖小区向前发展。(八)效益分析:项目建成达产
39、后,年销售收入394.8万元,年利润72.1万元,受益农户126户450人,人均年收入增加45元,带动农户200户。(九)财务评价1、投资利润率:33.1%2、财务净现值(NPV):179.8万元3、财务内部收益率(IRR):28.9%4、投资回收期:4.6年二 、项目建设的必要性和可行性(一)项目建设的必要性1、是全面提高我县养猪技术水平,促进养猪生产方式转变,增加农民收入的需要。长期以来,我县生猪生产是以家庭式小规模分散饲养为主。近年来,随着市场需求的增加,拉动了畜牧业的发展,促进了养殖业的规模化进程,使得传统的饲养方式受到严峻挑战。一方面,庭院限制了生产规模的进一步扩大,而且在有限的庭院
40、内搞养殖,人畜共处,不仅不卫生,而且极易造成人畜共患病的蔓延;另一方面,传统养殖过程中不仅品种改良难开展,先进饲养技术难推广,防疫措施难统一,猪肉质量卫生难保障,而且畜禽产生的大量粪便无法得到有效控制,极易造成环境污染,影响了养猪产业化进程。而实行小区养殖,则是实现良种繁育、示范和推广一体化的重要载体。对促进畜牧业结构调整,提高生猪及其产品质量安全水平,促进传统养猪业向现代化养猪业转变,改善农民的居住环境,帮助农民增加收入,具有重要意义。2、是适应市场经济体制、增强畜产品市场竞争力的需要。沿河虽然畜牧业发展基础好,但是牲畜良种化程度还有待进一步提高,缺乏专门化的品种。本地品种的产肉性能、生产潜
41、力与优良品种相比还有很大差距。尚未建立起专门化的畜产品生产体系。通过项目建设,加强生态畜牧业综合配套技术的推广应用,加强品种改良,推广先进的饲养管理技术,积极推进畜产品的专业化、标准化生产,推进先进的质量安全和保障措施,有利于提高我县畜产品的市场竞争力,促进生态畜牧业的发展。3、是增加猪肉贮备,稳定生猪市场供应的需要。猪肉仍然我国人民主要肉食品,与人们的生活密切相关,猪肉市场供应不稳定,将导致猪肉价格不稳定,同时会引发一系列社会问题。通过项目建设,大力发展生猪规模化生产,提高生猪贮备数量,是稳定肉价的一个治本之策,对于保持一个稳定有序发展的“菜蓝子”,维护人民群众利益和经济社会稳定具有重要战略
42、意义。4、是提高动物疫病防治水平的需要。目前,我县养猪基本上是养殖户自行组织生产,畜禽防疫工作随意性很大。绝大多数养殖者未经过系统的专业知识培训,在生产中不能科学地选择和鉴别种苗、兽药、饲料等,难免有购进劣质种畜禽、饲料、兽药等情况发生,在畜禽没病时不闻不问,管理松懈,而畜禽发病时又随意用药,存在“有病没病磺胺嘧啶、有救没救青链霉素、灵不灵氨基比林”的现状,有的甚至将病死畜禽卖给不法商贩上市销售,这些行为既增加了动物疫病控制的难度,又影响了畜禽产品质量,严重威胁着人民群众身体健康。 5、是生产无公害畜产品的需要。组织无公害农产品生产的前提是推行农产品的标准化生产。目前,我县的养殖总量虽较大,但
43、缺少严格规范高质量管理、高标准生产的养猪小区,无公害肉猪生产才开始起步,尚无严格的肉猪生产标准,质量控制能力不强,兽药、饲料的规范使用及畜禽产品药物残留问题难以从根本上得到保证。通过项目建设,推行标准化生产,走无公害、绿色和有机食品的道路,有利于提高我县畜产品质量安全,促进畜牧业向前发展。6、是落实党中央、国务院的三农政策,真正提高农民生活质量水平的需要。发展养殖业,目的在于致富农民,提高生活质量。而一些养殖户防疫隔离意识差,场家合一,有的畜舍与居民住房仅一墙之隔,既不符合动物防疫条件的要求,也严重影响也养殖业者家庭及其周围居民的生活条件。通过标准化养殖,可以较好地解决这一问题。(二)项目建设
44、的可行性1、各级各部门高度重视。省委、省政府提出了建设生态畜牧业大省的目标,铜仁地委、行署把发展生态畜牧业作为强农稳区的重要措施。沿河自治县县委、县政府把建设生态畜牧业大县作为“十一五”期间的三大目标之一,并围绕生态畜牧业发展制定了一系列措施,大力倡导和推广健康养殖。县里已成立了生态畜牧业生产领导小组, 县委书记、县长亲自抓生态畜牧业生产,对生态畜牧业生产给予资金、土地、人才等多方面的政策倾斜,确保财政扶贫资金的40%用于发展生态畜牧业,每年投入生态畜牧业的资金达200万元以上。2、项目建设的技术有保障。养猪业历来在我县畜牧业发展中占据重要位置。近年来,沿河土家族自治县畜牧水产事业局在发展畜牧
45、业生产实践中,积累了一系列的科学技术推广和饲养管理经验,培养了一批基础理论扎实、实践经验丰富、专业技能强、能吃苦耐劳的专业技术人才。全县现有畜牧科技人员125人。其中,高级职称3人,中级职称55人,在省级以上专业杂志发表论文80余篇,项目建设有技术保障。3、项目建设符合国家政策。今年,中央1号文件明确指出:“通过小额信贷、财政贴息等方式,引导有条件的地方发展养殖小区。要增加投入,支持养殖小区建设畜禽粪便和污水净化处理设施”,项目建设符合国家大政方针。4、项目建设地饲养基础好。项目所选地交通、水源、电力条件均较好,突出当地养殖优势和特点,群众养殖积极性高,有利于项目建设。三、市场供求分析及预测(一)从猪肉市场情况看,我国城乡居民肉类消费中,猪肉占据主要地位,由于近年来我国城镇化速度加快,城镇人口总量不断提高,同时城乡居民尤其是农民收入的不断提高,为猪肉消费提供了稳定上升的空间。(二)从活畜供应情况看,受2005年10份以来生猪生产市场低迷影响,农户大量抛销、屠宰生猪,能繁母猪数量也有所调减,后期的商品猪供应量也会相应比例减少,生
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