chapter 12 呼吸系统.ppt
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1、Chapter 12,Respiratory System,Activity 1: Choose the ones that air passes through during breathing and arrange them in the right order,alveolar sac diaphragm intercostal muscles trachea nostrils bronchi pleural cavity nasal cavities,laryngopharynx nasopharynx oropharynx visceral pleura parietal pleu
2、ra mediastinum bronchiole alveolar duct,The right order,nostrils nasal cavities nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx trachea bronchi bronchiole alveolar duct alveolar sac diaphragm / intercostal muscles / pleural cavity / visceral pleura / parietal pleura / mediastinum,Respiratory function,ventilat
3、ion,Gas exchange,Airway,Respiratory muscle,Air volume,Effective capillary bed,Airway pressure gradient,Respiratory Function Test,Spirometry肺量测定法,呼吸量测定法 Airway resistance & compliance Diffusion capacity (肺弥散量 ) Exercise respiratory function test,Spirometry Terms,VC (vital capacity) 【P116】 TV (tidal v
4、olume) 【P116】 FEV1(1st second forced expiratory volume) 【P116】 ERV (expiratory reserve volume) 【P?】 IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) 【P?】 IC (inspiratory capacity) 【P114】,Static parameters 静态参数,TLC (total lung capacity) 【P116】 RV (residual volume) 【P?】 FRC (functional residual capacity) 【P114】,Diffu
5、sion abnormality:,Interstitial lung diseases 【P?】 Pulmonary edema 【P116】 Pulmonary vascular disorders 【P116】,Physical examination of the chest,视诊 inspection,respiratory frequency 1. tachypnea 【P113】 24次/分 2. bradypnea 【P110】 12次/分 respiratory depth,视诊 inspection,breathing movement 1. thoracic respir
6、ation (胸式呼吸) diaphragmatic respiration (腹式呼吸) 2. paradoxical breathing (胸腹矛盾呼吸,反常呼吸) 3. dyspnea 【P111】,视诊 inspection,rhythm and range 呼吸节律和幅度 Cheyne-Stokes respiration = tidal breathing 【P110】 潮式呼吸,触诊 palpation,thoracic expansion 胸廓扩张度 vocal fremitus 语音震颤,扣诊 Percussion 【P115】,间接叩诊 mediate percussion
7、 直接叩诊 immediate percussion,听诊 Auscultation 【P113】,Normal breath sound tracheal breath sound vesicular breath sound bronchial breath sound bronchovescicular breath sound,听诊 Auscultation 【P113】,Abnormal breath sound Rale Moist rales ( crackles) 【P113】 Rhonchi =dry rales 【P113】 Crepitus (捻发音) 【P?】 Pleu
8、ral friction rub (胸膜摩擦音),Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,Cough productive cough (with sputum) non-productive cough (dry cough),Commonly Seen Respiratory Symptoms,Complications of Cough Fatigue Pneumomediastinum纵隔积气【P112】, pneumothorax 【P112】, and subcutaneous emphysema 【P112】 due to high intratho
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