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1、theme parks are not only amusing but also educational. Take the Polynesian Cultural Center (PCC) in Hawaii for example. It not only shows visitors the Polynesian way of life but also protects their skills and culture for the future. Polynesia is the name given to many groups of small islands that ar
2、e spread about the Pacific Ocean.The PCC is set in 42 acres of beautiful countryside where visitors can see seven different traditional Polynesian island villages. Villagers from many island communities come to show visitors their styles of dress and different customs. For example, you can see diffe
3、rent skills of the villagers. You can learn how they make clothes from bark and how they climb very tall trees with their bare feet or see what kind of wedding ceremonies they have. They also tell you about their social customs and show you their cooking methods and their dances.Their most important
4、 skill is boat-building, which allowed the islanders to explore all the islands in the Polynesian Triangle. We know that in their history they were sea travellers moving from island to island. They were able to find their way using the smell of the win, the movements of the fish and seaweed, and the
5、 height and direction of the waves. They were very clever sailors. Now they use those boat-building skills to make long boats and show the races and the battles that they took part in long ago. All this helps keep the skills and the technology of the island people alive.必修五Unit 1 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “
6、KING CHOLERAJohn Snow was a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was underst
7、ood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed pe
8、ople. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected pe
9、rson died.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1845, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera ou
10、tbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street
11、 (especially numbers 16,37, 38 and 40) . He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had be
12、en given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in
13、 Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad
14、Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that poll
15、uted water carried the virus.To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated. COPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORYNicol
16、aus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sen
17、se. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.The problem arose because astronomers
18、 had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in the loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.Copernicus had thought long and ha
19、rd about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.In 15
20、14 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round th
21、e sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1
22、543.Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against Gods idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravit
23、y, which said things tell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.Unit 2 PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHYP
24、eople many wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you f
25、ind Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried
26、 in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingd
27、om and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different
28、educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlan
29、ds and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and
30、 some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest histori
31、cal treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 106os and the oldes
32、t castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There have been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxon, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names语
33、文S版六年级下册教学计划一、学生情况分析本班现有学生67人,其中大部分能按时按量完成各种学习任务,少数学生由于基础差、方法不当、态度不端、智力低下等原因,学习一直不理想。总体来说,本班学生两极分化严重,“后进生”比例过重。二、教材分析本册教材共有6个单元28篇课文,其中精读课文17篇,略读课文11篇。6个单元的主题依次是:神话与传说、人间天平、科学与发现、情暖人间、中华文化、校园畅想曲。每个单元包括导语、课文和语文百花园三个部分。每单元一般由3篇精读课文和2篇略读课文组成。这些专题内容贴近儿童生活,体现时代特点,蕴涵着丰富的教育价值,可使学生在语文学习过程中,培养热爱祖国,热爱生活的思想感情;
34、受到高尚情操与爱美情趣的熏陶,发展个性,丰富自己的精神世界;培养社会主义道德品质、科学精神和健全人格,激发学生追求理想、奋发向上的信念,为实现理想而努力。本册教材要求认识97个字,要求会写80个字。课后练习的“读读写写”中的词语由精读课文里的会写字组成,要求能读会写。“词语采集”旨在引导学生学习主动积累词语,只要求识记,不要求会写。三、教学目的要求1在学习本册语文的过程中,感受中华优秀文化的博大精深和无穷魅力,激发民族自豪感;教育学生爱我中华,培养炽热的爱国情怀;树立法制观念,严守规则、遵守法律;受到高尚情操与爱美情趣的熏陶,感受人间真情,发展个性,丰富自己的精神世界;培养社会主义道德品质、科
35、学精神和健全人格,立志走向更加美好的未来;在发展语言能力的同时,启迪学生的思想,培养良好的学习习惯。2认识97个生字,会写80个字,有较强的独立识字能力。3能用硬笔书写楷书,行款整齐,并有一定速度。能用毛笔书写楷书,在书写中体会汉字的优美。4能用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。5默读有一定的速度,并能抓住文章的大意。6能借助词典理解词语的意义。能联系上下文和自己的积累,推想课文中有关词句的意思,辨别词语的感情色彩,体会其表达效果。7在阅读中把握文章的主要内容,揣摩文章的表达顺序,体会作者的思想感情,初步领悟文章的基本表达方法。在交流和讨论中,敢于提出自己的看法,作出自己的判断。8阅读叙事性
36、作品,了解事件梗概,能简单描述自己印象最深的场景,说出自己的感受。阅读诗歌,能大体把握诗意,想象诗歌描述的意境,体会诗人的情感。阅读说明性文章,能抓住要点了解文章的基本说明方法。积累课文中的优美词语、精彩句段,以及在课外阅读和生活中获得的语言材料。背诵指定的课文(段落)。9学习浏览,培养读书看报的习惯,根据需要搜集信息,收藏并与同学交流图书资料,课外阅读总量不少于25万字。10养成留心观察周围事物的习惯,有意识地丰富自己的见闻,积累习作素材,能写简单地纪实作文和想象作文,内容具体,感情真实。能根据内容表达的需要,分段表述。学习写说明书、广告词。能修改自己的习作,并主动与他人交换修改,做到语句通
37、顺,行款正确,书写规范、整洁。正确使用常用标点符号。11能用普通话交谈,乐意参与讨论,敢于发表自己的意见。听人说话认真耐心,能抓住要点,并能简要转述。表达要有条理,语气、语调适当。12在综合性学习活动中,能初步了解查找资料、运用资料的基本方法。并能策划简单的社会活动,学写活动计划和活动总结。四、具体方法措施1重视朗读和默读。朗读是阅读教学中最重要、最经常的练习。朗读有利于真切地感受课文,有助于因声明义,领略课文的精妙之处,有助于增强语感,表情达意,唤起想象,以声传情,有助于对课文的记忆、巩固字词和提高表达能力。默读是获取文字信息、书本知识的主要手段,是阅读的基本方式。本册默读训练既要提高理解水
38、平,又要加快默读的速度。2加强词句训练,积累语言。语文课的主要任务是学习语言。词句训练是精读课文的主要内容。重视引导学生理解词句的意思,进而加深对文本内容的理解,同时积累词句,提高理解和运用语言文字的能力。3引导学生把握内容,体会感情。阅读教学要根据课文的内容及不同特点,采用多种形式利用课后练习题的提示等,引导学生把握文章主要内容,体会作者表达的思想感情。4指导学生精心阅读,领会方法。通过阅读实践,不但要理解课文内容、体会感情,还要领会作者表情达意和写作方法。比如,学习怎样叙述故事,可领会作者按事情发展的顺序叙述、穿插叙述,相互映衬、对比反衬,暗示寓意等写作方法。5把口语交际训练和日常的学习生
39、活结合起来。提高口语交际能力,除了上好口语交际课以外,还要注意在平时的课堂教学活动中,在回答问题、讨论交流的过程中,随时关注学生的口语表达情况,随时纠正口语交际中出现的问题。鼓励学生在日常学习生活中,主动、大胆地与别人交流,养成良好的口语表达习惯。6培养习作兴趣,使学生乐于表达。习作教学要从培养学生的习作兴趣入手,让学生不受文体束缚,不受篇章限制,想写什么就写什么,想怎么写就怎么写,把自己的见闻、感受和想象写出来。要引导他们放开手脚去写,消除对习作的畏难情绪。提供和创造更多的习作机会,多用肯定和激励的方法,多组织习作展示和交流。五、教学时间安排根据义务教育课程设置实验方案的规定,六年级语文每周
40、上课时间为7课时。全学期复习考试2周,机动1周除外,实际上课时数按18周计算,共126课时。具体安排如下:精读课文 17课 51课时左右略读课文 11课 22课时左右语文百花园 6次 24课时左右写字 每周1课时 18课时总计 115课时左右上述课时计划中,精读课文每篇按23课时计算;略读课文每篇按12课时计算;“语文百花园”每次平均按4课时计算。剩余课时,可根据本班实际情况,有计划地针对薄弱环节进行补充练习和期末总复习。1鲧禹治水教学目标:1、指导学生有感情地朗读课文,把握课文主要内容,能讲这个故事。2、引导学生理解课文内容,体会鲧禹父子改造自然、征服自然的崇高精神,感悟我国远古先民的智慧和
41、坚忍不拔的意志品质。3、体会神话故事想象丰富、情节离奇的特点。 4、认识“壤”字,会写“汪、壤、烫”3个字。掌握“一片汪洋、息壤、滚烫”等词语。教学重点:理解鲧禹父子分别是怎样治理洪水的。教学难点: 体会这个神话故事揭示的意义。教学准备:要求学生查阅有关鲧禹治水的相关资料。制作多媒体课件。课时安排: 3课时教学设计:第一课时一、谈话交流,导入课文 1、让学生说说读过哪些我国古代的神话故事,并说说读后的感受。 2、总结学生的感受。 3、揭示课题,板书课题。 4、齐读课题。 5、结合课前搜集的资料,让学生说说鲧禹治水的相关故事。二、初读课文,感知内容 1、介绍山海经(这篇课文取材于我国先秦时期主要
42、记录古代神话、地理等方面内容的古籍山海经*海内经。山海经是中国先秦古籍。一般认为主要记述的是古代神话、地理、动物、植物、矿物、巫术、宗教、古史、医药、民俗、民族等方面的内容。山海经原来是有图的,叫山海图经,魏晋以后已失传。山海经记载了许多诡异的怪兽以及光怪陆离的神话故事,长期被认为是一部荒诞不经的书。有些学者则认为山海经不单是神话,而且是远古地理,包括了一些海外的山川鸟兽。)【先让学生自己说说对山海经的了解,如果学生说的不全,老师出示资料补充。】 2、自读课文.让学生自由读课文,边读边认识生字,画出不理解的词语,并想一想课文主要写的是什么?【让学生按自己喜欢的方式读课文,一定要给足时间,让学生
43、边读边思考。】3、认读生字出示生字“壤 ”(要求读准字音,认清字形,组成词语)比较字形:壤 嚷 攘 4、理解词语 汪洋形容水势浩大的样子。 哀求苦苦请求。祈求请求;恳切地希望得到。斥逐排斥,驱逐。息壤古代传说的一种能自生长,永不减耗的土壤。拯救挽救;救济。滚烫滚热。遗志死者生前的志愿。后多指生前没有实现的志愿。大发雷霆比喻大发脾气,高声训斥。泛滥成灾江河湖泊的水溢出,形成灾难。汗流浃背浃,湿透,汗水湿透了背上的衣服。形容汗出得很多。【根据学生的要求理解词语,注意不要孤立得解释,要让学生联系课文内容来理解。】5、指名读课文(要求读得正确、流利)【课文较长,要多找几个学生来读,注意读后的评价与反馈
44、,养成认真读书,认真倾听的好习惯。】6、概括课文的主要内容。【注意引导学生抓住要点,语言简练、完整。应多找几个学生来概括,最后教师总结。】三、再读课文,加深了解让学生用自己的话说说鲧和禹是怎么治水的,找到相关的内容认真的读一读。四、积累词语,布置作业 1、让学生找找喜欢的词语,抄写在词语积累卡上。 2、作业:通读课文,能讲述这个故事。第二课时一、复习引入 1、认读词语(课件)一片汪洋 苦苦哀求 斥逐洪水 毫不理会 悲惨遭遇 大发雷霆 山南海北 成千上万 挖渠开山 四处横溢 泛滥成灾 不畏艰险汗流浃背 毫不在乎 冬去春来 欢呼雀跃 兴奋不已 天寒地冻2、回顾课文主要内容。二、研读课文1、自学提示
45、(课件)。 默读课文,思考: 鲧禹父子为什么要治理洪水?鲧禹父子治理洪水的办法有什么不同?边读边画出最令你感动的语句,并把自己的体会做出批注。想一想鲧禹父子共同的精神是什么?【给学生充分读书思考的时间,然后让学生在小组内合作交流,教师深入学习小组指导。】2、交流体会。交流一:鲧禹治水的理由 (上古时代的中国闹过一次大水灾,人们受尽了洪水的折磨,便苦苦的哀求天帝驱逐洪水,可是天帝毫不理会。鲧禹父子非常同情人们的悲惨遭遇,决心帮助人们治理洪水。) 读第一自然段。说一说洪水会给人们带来哪些灾难。播放洪水的资料片。 理解“哀求”“祈求”的含义,体会当时人们的心情。 读出人们的苦难。交流二:鲧是怎样治理
46、洪水的。指名读课文的34自然段,说说自己的感受。“息壤”是怎样宝物,神奇在什么地方?天帝为什么要大发雷霆?你对天帝有什么看法? 你怎么评价鲧?【对于鲧的评价,鼓励学生多元的理解,既要看到他的善良,不惧危险,又要看到他投机取巧的错误。】 交流三:禹是怎样治理洪水的。指名读5-10自然段。说说课文是怎么写禹治理洪水过程的?(板书:治洪前治洪开始治洪过程治洪后)依据描写的顺序,让学生说说最感动的地方。a治洪前:句子:大禹走遍了山南海北,摸清了地形和水的走向等情况,决定用引洪水入大海的方法来消除水灾。、【抓住“走遍”“摸清”“引洪水入大海”等词语,理解禹治水讲究方法,非常有头脑。】b治水开始::句子:
47、大禹亲自拿着镐头,率领成千上万的人挖渠开山,疏通河道。【体会“亲自”一词,说明大禹以身作则,不畏艰难,才赢得人们的相应,因此也感动了神龟和应龙。】c治水过程:A大禹在治水的过程中遇到哪些困难?让学生找到相关的句子读以读,说说自己的感受。B参考资料:三过家门而不入古时候,洪水泛滥,为了让人们能过上安定的生活,舜帝派大禹去整治洪水。大禹一去十三年,“三过家门而不入”:第一次是在四年后的一个早晨。大禹走近家门,听见母亲的骂声和儿子的哭声,大禹想进去劝解,又怕更惹恼了母亲,唠叨起来没完,耽搁了治水的时辰,于是就悄悄地走开了。 治水六七年后,大禹第二次经过家门。那天中午,大禹刚登上家门口的小丘,就看见家里烟囱冒出的袅袅炊烟,又听见母亲与儿子的笑声,大禹放心了。为了治水大业,他还是饶过家门,赶紧向工地奔去。 又过了三四年,一天傍晚,大禹因治水来到家的附近。突然天下起了滂沱大雨,大禹来到自己家的屋檐下避雨,只听见屋里母亲在对儿子说:“你爹爹治平了洪水就回家。”大禹听得非常感动,更坚定了治水的决心,立刻又转身上路了。 C、指导朗读,读出大禹坚忍不拔、不屈不挠的精神品质。d治水后:句子:就这样,大禹带领人们,由南到北,由西到东,经过十三年的苦战,终于疏通了河道,治服了洪
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