wu3、双侧壁导坑开挖作业指导书.doc
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1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic
2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this
3、 robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set
4、 for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa
5、rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of ind
6、ustrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of autom
7、ation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opp
8、ortunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm r
9、esearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic ar
10、m spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like wel
11、ding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand新建铁路武
12、汉至广州客运专线乌龙泉至花都段站前工程第标段第七单元 隧道施工作业指导书新建铁路武汉至广州客运专线乌龙泉至花都段第标段双侧壁导坑法开挖作业指导书编 制 人: 审 核 人:技术负责人:单位负责人:中铁五局武广客运专线XXTJIV标项目经理部工程部二00六年十月 湖南郴州目 录一、施工准备2二、开挖32.1 施工工艺32.2 开挖方法52.3 支护102.4监控量测102.5 超前地质预测预报10三、质量控制11四、主要机械设备12五、劳动力组织12六、 安全、环保水保措施136.1 安全措施136.2环保水保措施14双侧壁导坑法开挖作业指导书一、施工准备(1)施工测量放样。开挖前应将控制开挖的中
13、线、水平引至开挖部位掌子面,确定开挖轮廓。需爆破的应根据钻爆设计布置好炮眼。(2)钻爆设计。岩石隧道开挖前,应根据工程地质条件、开挖断面、开挖方法、掘进循环进尺、钻眼机具和爆破材料等进行钻爆设计。其内容为:炮眼的布置、数目、深度和角度,装药量和装药结构,起爆方法和爆破顺序,凿岩机的台数安排等。设计图应包括:炮眼布置图、周边眼装药结构图、钻爆参数表、主要技术经济指标及必要的说明(见爆破设计)。(3)根据施工设计图及定型图绘制开挖施工草图。施工草图上的中线、水平控制桩应与现场放样桩点相对应。隧道施工为避免侵限,一般需将净空放大5cm,所以在绘制开挖草图时也应将开挖轮廓尺寸放大5cm(底部不再放大)
14、。而且还要根据实际,结合规范要求,预留初期支护变形量1015cm,即开挖轮廓线还要放大1015 cm。(4)开挖作业照明安装,钻眼机具到位,高压风水管的连接。(5)做好洞内、外排水系统,保证排水畅通。(6)规划弃碴场位置,布设出碴路线,出碴设备准备。二、开挖采用双侧壁导坑法施工,将大断面隧道分割成三半,六部到八部分别施工(见施工工艺)。先施工一侧,将隧道跨度减小,同时分割后的隧道采用台阶法施工。2.1 施工工艺2.1.1施工工艺流程(见下页)2.1.2双侧壁导坑法施工横、纵断面示意图如下:横断面 纵断面(1)施工工序如下:1、利用洞口导向措施或洞身上一循环架立的钢架施作隧道洞身,侧壁导坑纵向超
15、前支护。2、开挖部,同时,每循环进尺一次,掌子面喷8cm厚混凝土封闭。3、施作部导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护,既初喷4cm厚混凝土,架立钢架(包括导坑的临时钢架及横撑),并根据需要设置锁脚锚杆。4、钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。5、开挖部,同时,每循环进尺一次,掌子面喷8cm厚混凝土封闭。6、施作部导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护,既初喷4cm厚混凝土,架立钢架(包括导坑的临时钢架)。7、钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。8、开挖部并施作导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护,步骤及工序同1。9、开挖部并施作导坑周边的初期支护和临时支护,步骤及工序同2。10、开挖部,喷8cm厚混凝土封闭掌子面(下一
16、循环拱部超前支护掌子面处)。11、拱部初喷4cm厚混凝土,架立拱部钢架,钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。12、开挖部,喷8cm厚混凝土封闭掌子面(下一循环拱部超前支护掌子面处)。13、拱部初喷4cm厚混凝土,架立拱部钢架,钻设径向锚杆后复喷混凝土至设计厚度。14、两台阶法施工第、部。15、喷8cm厚混凝土封闭掌子面。16、导坑底部初喷4cm厚混凝土封闭,安设钢架封闭成环,复喷混凝土至设计厚度。17、逐步拆除临时钢架,灌注部临时仰拱。18、灌注隧底填充。19、根据监控量测结果分析,待变形收敛后或根据需要,利用衬砌模板台车一次性灌注二次衬砌(拱墙衬砌一次施作)。2.2 开挖方法2.2.1土质隧
17、道开挖双侧壁导坑法开挖主要适用于双线隧道级围岩洞口段和偏压、浅埋隧道开挖。在开挖过程中要根据实际围岩地质情况,合理选择开挖方法。土质隧道一般不需要进行爆破,可用风镐开挖,先大至开挖成型,后进行修整达到设计开挖轮廓。因土质隧道围岩较差,在开挖过程中容易出现掉块,过早开挖设计轮廓会出现因掉块造成超挖。2.2.2石质隧道开挖2.2.2.1 爆破设计双侧壁导坑法开挖石质围岩隧道采用光面爆破或预裂爆破。光面爆破和预裂爆破参数应通过爆破成缝试验方法确定(见指南附录B成缝爆破试验)。当无试验条件时,有关参数采用指南表 6.3.6-1和表6.3.6-2选用。2.2.2.2 钻孔钻眼前先检查开挖断面中线、水平和
18、断面轮廓以及炮眼布置与设计相符后再进行钻眼。钻眼采用人工作业台架上用气腿式风钻钻眼或者采用作业台车上钻眼。钻眼应从上往下进行,避免在钻眼过程中掉下的石碴堵塞已钻好的孔眼。炮眼钻好后用高压风进行清孔以及按炮眼布置图进行检查并作好记录。不符合要求的炮眼应重钻,经检查合格后方可装药爆破。2.2.2.3装药爆破药卷在洞外专用加工房进行加工好后再进洞使用,按照爆破设计图正确装药及连接,装药及连接完后检查一遍确认与设计相符后进行爆破。特别是采用导爆素连线的,连线方向一定要与设计相符,为了保证连线的质量,可采用双向连线。爆破前将钻眼机具设备、风水软管、作业照明电灯及电线撤离工作面(电力起爆的电灯、电线在装药
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