EnglishPronunciationABC.ppt
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1、English Pronunciation ABC,International Phonetic Alphabet Word stress Sentence stress & intonation Other phonetic rules,International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA),国际音标(旧称万国音符)是国际 语音学协会(IPA - International Phonetic Association) 于1888年拟定的 一套为各国语言注音的语音符号。我们 这里所说的国际音标是专门为英语注音 的那一部分标音符号。目前我国通用的 国际音标共有48个, 其中,
2、 元音音标20个, 辅音音标28个。,Quiz : Read English alphabets correctly,Practice of some difficult sounds,1) e bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2) i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3) e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4) au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; co
3、unt corn; cloud clause 5) au shout fond; gown gone; down done,Some sounds for identifying,1) v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2) s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3) z closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4) n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang ;win wing; ran rang,Wor
4、d Stress in English,Word stress is a magic key to understanding spoken English. Native speakers of English use word stress naturally. Word stress is so natural for them that they dont even know they use it. Non-native speakers who speak English to native speakers without using word stress, encounter
5、 two problems: They find it difficult to understand native speakers, especially those speaking fast. The native speakers may find it difficult to understand them.,Understanding Syllables(音节),To understand word stress, it helps to understand syllables. Every word is made from syllables. Each word has
6、 one, two, three or more syllables. Examples: Dog (dog1) green(green1) quite(quite1) Quiet (qui-et 2) orange (or-ange2) table(ta-ble2) expensive (ex-pen-sive3) interesting(in-ter-est-ing4) realistic(re-al-is-tic4) unexceptional(un-ex-cep-tion-al5) Notice that (with a few rare exceptions) every sylla
7、ble contains at least one vowel (a, e, i, o or u) or vowel sound.,What is Word Stress?,In English, we do not say each syllable with the same force or strength. In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable. We say one syllable very loudly (big, strong, important) and all the other syllables very quietly.,
8、Lets take 3 words as example: photograph, photographer and photographic.,Two Principles:,One word, one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. So if you hear two stresses, you have heard two words, not one word.) The stress is always on a vowel.,Quiz,Read aloud following words properly. 1. arise
9、 2. beloved 3. unless 4. magnificent 5. immediately 6. exaggeration 7. species 8. specific 9. obvious 10. parade,Answers: 1. arise 2. beloved 3. unless 4. magnificent 5. immediately 6. exaggeration 7. species 8. specific 9. obvious 10. parade,What are the rules of word stress?,1. Stress on first syl
10、lable in (1) Most 2-syllable nouns: PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAbleMost (2) 2-syllable adjectives: PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy,2. Stress on last syllable in Most 2-syllable verbs Examples: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN,There are many two-syllable words in English whose meaning and cla
11、ss change with a change in stress. The word present, for example is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a noun (gift) or an adjective (opposite of absent). But if we stress the second syllable, it becomes a verb (to offer). More examples: export, import, contract, object, etc
12、.,3. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end) Rule: Words ending in ic Example: GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic Words ending in -sion and tion teleVIsion, reveLAtion,For a few words, native English speakers dont always “agree“ on where to put the stress. For example, some people
13、say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.,4. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end),Rule:Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and gy Example: deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy Words ending in al Example: CRItica
14、l, geoLOGical,Compound words (words with two parts),Rule for compound nouns, the stress is on the first part Example:BLACKbird, GREENhouse For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part Example: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part Example:to un
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