t07-空心薄壁梯形变截面预应力型结构施工技术的(二).doc
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1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic
2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this
3、 robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set
4、 for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa
5、rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of ind
6、ustrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of autom
7、ation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opp
8、ortunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm r
9、esearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic ar
10、m spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like wel
11、ding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand 桥梁施工
12、新技术现场经验交流会 空心薄壁梯形变截面预应力V型结构施工技术空心薄壁梯形变截面预应力V型结构施工技术第二工程公司 张新内容提要:V型结构在桥梁工程中并不常用,类似潮州韩江北桥的空心薄壁梯形变截面预应力V型结构更是少见,本文结合韩江北桥工程实例,介绍截面复杂多变的V型结构的主要施工技术,对其它类似工程具有很好的参考价值。关 键 词: V型结构 平衡塔 施工1.工程概况1.1设计概况及施工环境潮州市韩江北桥位于潮州市湘子桥以北约1.73公里处(北堤桩号2+350),跨越韩江水道,标段起讫里程为K0+606.9K2+537.5,全长1930.6m,其中主桥580m,两岸引桥长1350.6m。道路等
13、级为城市主干道,双向六车道,河道内引桥桥宽28m,河道外引桥宽25m,主桥桥宽30m。主桥施工场地均位于韩江大堤内,其中Z1、Z4、Z5、Z6墩位于沙滩上,Z2墩位于航道浅水边,这五个桥墩采用填砂石形成施工作业平台(韩基标高9.5m),Z3墩位于韩江航道中。韩江枯水期水位在7.5m左右,雨季期间水位上涨到14m左右,而且水流冲刷破坏严重。1.2结构形式主桥上部为五跨连续无风撑钢管混凝土系杆拱桥(C跨+B跨+A跨+B跨+C跨),其跨径组合为(85m+114m+160m+114m+85m);下部为钻孔桩基础、矩形承台、双薄壁矩形空心墩、V形结构。主桥总体结构布置如图1所示。图1 主桥总体结构布置图
14、V型结构设计为空心薄壁梯形变截面预应力钢筋砼结构,如图2所示(以Z3墩为例),与上部现浇箱梁形成倒三角形结构,与下部空心薄壁矩形墩固结形成。两侧V腿最底部离地面约11m高,顶部离地面约1620m高。全桥六个主墩,每主墩为两个独立的V构,总共12个V型结构。Z3(Z4)墩V型结构:往B跨的V腿斜长13.12m,底面倾角43o3454”。往A跨的V腿斜长13.39m,底面倾角43o3126”。根部厚3.12m。V腿横桥向底宽8m,顶宽4.45m,底板及顶板厚0.6m,侧墙厚0.5m,中隔墙厚1.6m。 Z2(Z5)墩V型结构:往C跨的V腿斜长10.94m,底面倾角42o394”。往B跨的V腿斜长1
15、1.46m,底面倾角42o3637”。根部厚2.459m,横桥向底宽8m,顶宽约4.5m,侧墙厚0.5m,中隔墙厚1.4m。Z1(Z6)墩V型结构:往引桥的V腿斜长8.74m,底面倾角41o3543”。往主桥C跨的V腿斜长9.15m,底面倾角41o3543”。根部厚1.89m,横桥向底宽8m,顶宽约4.6m,侧墙厚0.5m,中隔墙厚1.2m。每个V型结构均设计有斜向预应力,预应力束设在V腿的底板及顶板内,每侧V腿设12束(底板6束,每束9根;顶板6束,每束19根)。预应力束固定端在空心墩顶内,张拉端在上部箱梁内。图2 Z3墩V型结构设计图1.3 主要工程数量全桥共12个V构,主要工程数量详见表
16、1。表1 主要工程数量表墩位C50砼II级钢筋钢绞线Z1(Z6)每个V构C50砼=193m3,四个V构合计=772 m3每个V构=22.5t四个V构合计=90t每个V构=4.2t,四个V构合计=16.8tZ2(Z5)每个V构C50砼=284m3,四个V构合计=1136 m3每个V构=29.3t,四个V构合计=117.2t每个V构=5.42t,四个V构合计=21.7tZ3(Z4)每个V构C50砼=415m3,四个V构合计=1660m3每个V构=39.8t,四个V构合计=159t每个V构=6.24t,四个V构合计=25t合计全桥合计C50=3568 m3,II级钢筋=366.2t,钢绞线=63.5
17、t。2. V型结构总体施工方案概述2.1施工特点平衡塔斜拉施工方法是利用拉杆向上斜拉,通过中间塔平衡水平分力及抵消部分力矩,结构受力分析比较明确,充分利用型钢的轴向抗拉及抗压性能,这种方法不受桥墩高度限制,支架体系也不受桥下洪水的影响;此外,因施工支架不落地,在进行V型结构施工期间,还可以同时进行上部箱梁的基础处理及搭设部分支架,有利于加快进度。2.2施工方法采用型钢在空心墩顶上组拼为平衡塔,通过中间塔平衡水平分力及抵消部分力矩。V腿外侧利用贝雷梁组拼为斜托梁,斜托梁底部与墩顶预埋件销接,中部及顶部通过型钢斜向拉在平衡塔上。V腿砼浇筑后利用水平刚性拉杆临时固定,水平拉杆与V腿形成临时倒三角稳定
18、结构,直至顶部箱梁施工后形成永久三角形结构。V腿为空心薄壁变截面状,结构复杂,操作空间狭小,而且混凝土方量大,为了降低施工荷载,并减少混凝土的收缩及徐变应力,将Z3(Z4)墩V腿结构分三次先后浇筑砼,第一次浇筑根部,第二次浇筑空心段,第三次浇筑顶部实心段;Z1(Z6)、 Z2(Z5)墩V腿分两次浇筑砼,第一次浇筑根部及空心段,第二次浇筑顶部实心段。2.3 主要施工步骤(以Z3为例)第一步:空心墩顶部实心段施工后,利用汽车吊或塔吊安装平衡塔、斜托梁、斜向拉杆,人工安装第一节模板,绑扎钢筋,浇筑根部砼。第二步:安装第二节模板,绑扎钢筋,调整模板至斜腿位置,凿毛砼接头并清理干净,两侧对称浇筑空心段砼
19、。第三步:安装第三节模板,绑扎钢筋,预埋型钢水平拉杆,调整模板至斜腿位置,凿毛砼接头并清理干净,两则对称浇筑顶部砼。第四步:砼达到90%设计强度后,利用预埋的型钢水平拉杆与V腿形成临时稳定三角结构,割除斜托梁及斜向拉杆,施工上部现浇箱梁。主要施工步骤如图3所示。manipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classification of control relays and discrete ele
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