中山大学会计基础Lesson09-en.ppt
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1、Lesson 9 Financial Statements,Task Team of FUNDAMENTAL ACCOUNTING School of Business, Sun Yat-sen University,2,Outlines,A General View of Financial statements Income statement Balance sheet Statement of owners equity A Simple Illustration,3,Opening Story,Show me the money!,Cuba Gooding Jr. uttered a
2、n immortal line in the movie Jerry Maguire, “Show me the money!” Well, that is what financial statements do. They show you the money.,The questions are: Do they show you where a companys money came from? Do they show you where it went, and where it is now. How accountants make all these ends satisfi
3、ed?,4,General View of Financial statements: GAAP,Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet). Income Statement. Statement of Cash Flows.,5,General View of Financial statements: Stock vs. Flow,Stock/ resources and obligations at a point in time: Balance sheet. Flow/activity over a period of time:
4、 Income statement. Statement of cash flows.,6,Financial Statement Objectives,Useful for investment decisions. (All financial statements) Comprehensible. (All financial statements) About economic resources and claims on resources (Balance Sheet). About financial performance during a period (Income St
5、atement). About cash flows (Statement of Cash Flows).,7,General View of Financial statements: a Comparison,8,General View of Financial statements: Brief Comments,The financial statements are a picture of the company in financial terms.,Each financial statement relates to a specific date or covers a
6、particular period.,9,Information Disclosed on Financial Statements,10,Information Disclosed on Financial Statements (cont),11,Income Statement,Also called: Profit & Loss statement = P&L statement = statement of earnings = statement of operations Technically subordinate to BS. Shows detail of changes
7、 to RE. Many investors consider IS more important than BS. Variations in format.,12,Parts of Income Statement,Heading: Name of entity. Name of statement Time period covered. Revenues. Cost of Sales. Gross Margin. Expenses. Net Income,13,Revenues in Income Statement,Several separate revenue items or
8、net. Net sales = gross sales - sales returns and allowances - sales or cash discounts. Trade discounts not shown. Excludes sales or excise taxes collected for government. Other revenues (from activities not associated with sales of entitys goods/services) may be included in net sales or shown separa
9、tely.,14,Expenses on Income Statement,Cost of Sales (or cost of goods sold). Associated with a decrease in the asset inventory. Gross margin = gross profit = Sales - COGS. May or may not be shown. Separate disclosure of: Research & development expenses. Interest expense.,15,Income Statement Format,O
10、perating income may be shown before Other income and expense. Net income = Income before taxes Income tax expense. Income before taxes = Operating income adjusted for other revenues and expenses.,16,Example of Income Statement,17,Example of Income Statement (cont),18,Example of Income Statement (con
11、t),19,Balance Sheet,Point in time or status report. More formally, Statement of Financial Position. Contains (and shows equality of amounts of): Assets. Liabilities and Owners equity.,20,Beauty Photo Store: Balance Sheet,21,Assets,Assets are properties or economic resources owned by a business They
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