原创动词不定式复习课件.ppt
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1、 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 动词不定式的几个问题 三里畈高中 杨波 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 一、动词动词 不定式的优势优势 :可以作除了谓语动词谓语动词 以外的所有成分; 动词动词 不定式的缺陷:只能表示“将来和未发发生”。 二、动词动词 不定式的时态时态 和语态语态 : 时态 主动被动 一般 式 to doto be done 进行 式 to be doing / 完成 式 to have done to have been done 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式,主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干,只
2、有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心,有时它把句型改, 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七个感官三使役, 宾补要把to甩开; 疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当; 逻辑主语不定式,不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定, 各种用法区别开。 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 三、动词不定式的功能: 1名词、形容词、副词。 2.可作成分:除谓语以外的所有成分。 (1)作主语: 1.To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student. 2.It is good manners to help people i
3、n trouble. (形式主语问题) (2)作表语 1. Your job is to wash dishes. 2. All I did was (to) give him some advice. 当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时,to可以省略。 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 (3)作宾语 一些动词要用不定式作宾语, 常见的动词有 want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, expect, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, try, pretend, learn, afford, need等。
4、 She promised to give him a chance. 决心学会选计划,拒绝答应想假装。 主动设法愿希望,同意请求帮一帮。 准备威胁易声称,渴望申请败踌躇。 decide /determine, learn ,choose, plan; refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend. offer, manage, expect/wish/hope; agree, ask/beg, help. prepare, threaten, tend, claim; desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板
5、制作:陈勇华 熊 政 少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语 1.It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 2.They didnt open their mouths except to complain. 当句子中含有实义动词do(做)的某种形式或有情态动词修饰时, 动词不定式省去to,否则不省. He does nothing but play all day. At the news she didnt say anything but to cry. Cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之间的
6、不定式 一般不带to, 常翻译为“不得不” I can not but admire her courage. He can not choose but do it. I can not help but love it. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 (4)作宾语补足语 The teacher told his students to pay more attention to their pronunciation. A. 不定式作补语,可根据需要在前加how, where, when, what等疑问词。 Could you tell me how to repair t
7、he machine? No one told me where to find him. Please show us what to do with these sentence patterns. B. 不定式在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let, make, have 等后面作宾语补足语时, 不加to, help后可加可不加. 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补,只有少数动词 (五个看see, watch,notice, observe, look at; 三使役make, let, have; 二听listen to, hear等)
8、须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。 I never let my child stay in the house all day. Have him come in, please. I heard her say that shed like to go to the concert. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 (5)作主语补足语 I was asked to help him with his lessons. 主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语 She was seen to go out a minute ago. He was made to give up drin
9、king. He was heard practising singing a song this time yesterday. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 (6)作定语 与所修饰词在逻辑上有以下几种关系 She was the first girl to work out the problem. (主谓关系) He has an important meeting to attend. (动宾关系) He keeps his promise to write to us regularly. (同位关系) 不定式作宾语,动词如果不是及物动词,后面应加必要的介词 The i
10、ce is too thin for us to walk on. I hired a room to live in when in the US. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 (7)作目的状语 to可用in order to或so as to代替(so as to 不能置于句首)。 She got off the rain in Beijing to see a friend. Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference. They started very early in order no
11、t to miss the train. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 (8)作结果状语 不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果, 而且不定式前常有only, never,强调惊讶或 失望。V-ing作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。 He hurried to his house, only to find it was broken into. I stood there, never to be feeling so stupid. Her parents died, leaving her an orphan. There was a tornado yesterday, c
12、ausing 100 deaths. He seems to know French. I expect to hear from you soon. The boy pretended to be listening when the teacher looked at him. He seems to have read the novel. The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution. Id like to have been told the news earlier. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作
13、:陈勇华 熊 政 四、不定式的复合结构 1. 疑问词+不定式 的复合结构 When to start has not been decided yet. The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind. We must learn what to do in face of difficulties. I wonder if you could tell me how to get to the station. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 2. 带有逻辑主语的结构 Its kind of you to lend me
14、 such a beautiful necklace. Its important for us to master a foreign language. The first thing for us to do is to clean the room. It is of sb. to do此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征,可作逻辑主语的表语 It is for sb. to do此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征 It is foolish of you to say such words. You are foolish to say such word. It is neces
15、sary for us to learn our lessons well. We are necessary to learn our lessons well. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 动词不定式中的几个难点 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 一、难记住的动词。 一些谓语动词后只能接带to的不定式作宾语, 这样的谓语动词大约40个,我们可以编成口诀来辅助记忆。 口诀: 决心学习想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。 解析:decide /determine, learn ,want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, ma
16、nage, care, pretend ; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 二、难辨清的动词。有些谓语动词后既可以接不定式to又可以接动名词ing, 但意义不相同。 1. remember, forget, regret接不定式表将来、未发生,译成“要”; 接动名词表已完成,译成“做过”; I still remember to the Shaolin Temple and what I saw there. A.to take B. to be taken C. taking
17、D. being taken2009 (答案D) 2. try to do表“设法、千方百计”, try doing 表“试着”; 3. stop to do表“停止原来的事情去做另外的事情”,stop doing表“停止做某事”; 4. go on to do表“继续做另一事情”, go on doing表“继续做原来的事情”; “So much for the new words and expressions; lets go on _the text.” the teacher said with a smile. to talk about B, talking about C, t
18、o be talking D, talk about (答案A) 5. mean to do 表“想要”, mean doing 表“意思是、意味着”; 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 6. 当want, require, need ,demand, deserve,bear表示“需要、要求”等时, 常用动名词的主动形式表被动意思,也可以用动词不定式的被动形式; This room needs _. Its too shabby. paint B. painting C. to pain D. painted (答案B) 7. only to do表“结果却”, only doin
19、g表“结果是”; 8. cant help to do 表“不能帮助做某事”, cant help doing表“忍不住做某事”; 9.情感动词like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等接to do表“一次性动作”, 接doing表“习惯性动作”。如: I like shopping, but I dont like to go shopping today. 10.need, dare在陈述句中作行为动词,后接to do, 在疑问句和否定句中可作 情态动词,后接动词原形。 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 三、作宾补时,在主动态中省掉to,在被动态中补起来
20、的谓语动词。 此类动词我们可以概括为: 五看:look at, see, watch, notice, observe; 三使:let, make, have; 二听:listen to, hear; 一感觉:feel.如: The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night. 诚诚 勤 健 雅 模板制作:陈勇华 熊 政 四、介词but, except, besides,other than及动词had better, would rather, woul
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