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1、 边墙型扩展覆盖喷头技术探讨摘要:本文探讨了高层旅馆客房采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头的可行性及其设计要点,并对正确理解自动喷水灭火系统设计规范中的有关规定及其条文解释提出看法。 关键词:边墙型扩展覆盖喷头 旅馆客房 火灾危险等级 标准喷头 流量 压力 喷头的合理选型和布置在自动喷水灭火系统的设计中起着至关重要的作用。边墙型扩展覆盖喷头是指流量系数K=115的边墙型快速响应喷头。我国自动喷水灭火系统设计规范GB50084-2001(以下简称喷规)对边墙型标准喷头和边墙型扩展覆盖喷头都作了相关规定。本文针对工程实例对边墙型扩展覆盖喷头提出笔者的看法。某高层旅馆(四星级酒店)标准客房的净尺寸为
2、7.0m4.0m。由于建筑专业室内不设吊顶,因美观需要,只能采用边墙型喷头。根据我国喷规附录A,该旅馆客房属中危险级级。方案一:该客房内喷头采用边墙型标准喷头(K=80),根据喷规表7.1.12边墙型标准喷头的最大保护跨度与间距(m)设置场所火灾危险等级轻危险级中危险级级配水支管上喷头的最大间距 3.6 3.0单排喷头的最大保护跨度 &
3、nbsp; 3.6 3.0两排相对喷头的最大保护跨度 7.2 6.0注:1 两排相对喷头应交错布置; 2 室内跨度大于两排相对喷头的最大保护跨度时,应在两排相对喷头中间增设一排喷头。则喷头布置
4、如图一。图一可看出,一间客房内边墙型标准喷头多达6个,无疑加大了系统的设计流量(具体详本文后面部份),也给客房的室内装修增添了困难.方案二:采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头(K=115),则喷头布置如图二。图二可看出,采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头,则仅需布置一个喷头。很明显此种喷头的优点是保护面积大,安装简便,配水管道易于布置,室内装修非常方便。 &
5、nbsp; 图一 图二方
6、案二为多数设计单位采用。但边墙型扩展覆盖喷头尚未纳入国家标准自动喷水灭火系统洒水喷头性能要求和试验方法GB5135-95的规定内容之中,喷规6.1.3对此仅规定了:“顶板为水平面的轻危险级,中危险级级居室和办公室,可采用边墙型喷头。”其条文解释则又称国外对采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头有严格规定:保护场所应为轻危险级,中危险级系统采用时须经特许。美国NFPA13(1996年版)确实有此规定。这就给设计人员带来了困惑,高层旅馆客房究竟能否采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头呢?其实,设置场所火灾危险等级的划分标准各国不尽相同。英美国家与我国差异较大。高层旅馆客房在我国属中危险级级,但在英美日德等国均属于轻危险级。可见
7、高层旅馆客房采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头在国外也是允许的。另外,火灾调查发现,许多旅馆客房火灾只有少量的可燃物燃烧,即造成室内人员CO中毒死亡。所以旅馆客房内安装喷头,应尽量选用快速响应喷头,以减少室内人员的死亡。而边墙型扩展覆盖喷头正是流量系数K=115的边墙型快速响应喷头。确定了高层旅馆客房采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头的可行性,笔者发现如何确定其设计参数也是个难题。可喜的是,2001版喷规新增了7.1.13条“边墙型扩展覆盖喷头的最大保护跨度,配水支管上的喷头间距,喷头与两侧端墙的距离,应按喷头工作压力下能够喷湿对面墙和邻近端墙距溅水盘1.2m高度下的墙面确定,且保护面积内的喷水强度应符合本规范表5.
8、0.1的规定。”因此设计中采用此种喷头时,要求按本条规定并根1据生产厂家提供的喷头流量特性洒水分布和喷湿墙面范围等资料,确定喷水强度和喷头的布置。笔者设计的该星级酒店的客房净尺寸为4.0m7.0m,要求该边墙型扩展覆盖喷头能够喷湿对面墙和邻近端墙距溅水盘1.2m高度下的喷水范围宽度4.0m,长度7.0m(图三曲线 )。经查阅,未发现有国内厂家生产的该喷头的喷远距离能达到7.0m。仅英国某公司生产的边墙型扩展覆盖喷头的喷远距离能达到7.3m,宽度能达到4.9m。图三为该喷头布水及喷湿墙示意图。 &nbs
9、p; 图三下表为UL和C-UL列表的该喷头的覆盖面积和流量标准: 扩展覆盖水平边墙喷头(TY4332)、K115响应级别覆盖面积mm最小流量LPM最小压力BAR溅水盘至屋顶距离mm
10、喷头公称动作温度喷头最小间距m快速4.94.998 0.7310030057,68,79 3.1快速4.95.5110 0.9010030057,68,79 3.1快速4.96.1121 1.1010015057 3.1快速4.96.1125 1.1710030057 3.1快速4.96.7133 1.3210015057 3.1快速4.96.7136&nb
11、sp; 1.5910030057 3.1快速4.97.3148 1.6410015057 3.1快速4.97.3151 1.7210030057 3.1 依据上表,要保证该喷头的覆盖面积4.97.3m,必须使该喷头的最小流量取为151LPM(2.52L/S),最小压力1.72BAR(0.172Mpa)。本工程客房净面积28,按照喷规表5.0.1喷水强度须为6L/min,则该喷头最小流量为168LPM(2.8L/S),最小压力2.
12、13BAR(0.213Mpa)。因此,整个自动喷水灭火系统的设计流量,喷淋泵的选型都要综合考虑。系统的设计流量,应按最不利点处作用面积内喷头同时喷水的总流量确定: 式中Q系统设计流量(L/S)qi最不利点处作用面积内各喷头节点的流量(L/min) n最不利点处作用面积内的喷头数喷头的流量应按下式计算:式中q喷头流量(L/min), P喷头工作压力(MPa)K喷头流量系数。标准喷头K为80,边墙型扩展覆盖喷头K为115。本工程采用方案二则客房标准层一个作用面积内共需设4个边墙型扩展覆盖喷头和6个下垂型标准喷头,因
13、此其流量为2.804+1.336=19.18L/S。若考虑系统压力的增加对流量的影响,应有1.3的安全系数,即为19.181.3=24.93L/S(实际工程具体设计应根据每个喷头处的压力,分别计算10个喷头的流量,并累计即可)。而本工程地下室的喷头按梁系布置,一个作用面积内共需设24个直立型喷头,其流量为241.331.3=41.5L/S。则系统的设计流量为41.5L/S。本工程若采用方案一则客房标准层一个作用面积内共需设24个边墙型标准喷头和6个下垂型标准喷头,因此其流量为1.33301.3=51.87L/S。则系统的设计流量为51.87L/S。可见,本工程客房采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头,喷头的
14、流量(2.80L/S)增大,并没有影响到整个系统的设计流量。若采用边墙型标准喷头,将使整个系统的设计流量加大。水泵扬程应按下式计算:H=h+PoZH水泵扬程 h管道沿程和局部的水头损失的累计值(MPa)Z最不利点与消防水池的最低水位的高程差(MPa)Po最不利点处喷头的工作压力(MPa)。采用标准喷头时Po取0.10MPa,本设计中Po取0.213 MPa。 本工程最高层十八层,为咖啡厅,层高3.6m,采用下垂型标准喷头,七至十七层为旅馆客房。由于客房采用了边墙型扩展覆盖喷头,最不利点喷头所需的工作
15、压力比标准喷头多了0.113Mpa,所以尽管客房不在最高层,但十七层客房的最远点喷头为最不利点。在计算水泵扬程时应注意到这种特殊性,才能确保系统正常的工作压力。设计采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头,不仅要考虑流量及工作压力的因素,还应注意以下几点:1、边墙型扩展覆盖喷头应布置在水平、光滑、平坦的建筑屋面下。2、边墙型扩展覆盖喷头不应布置在有障碍物的房间,应防止障碍物屏蔽热气流和破坏洒水分布。当有障碍物时喷头应经过特殊认证并符合一定要求。3、 设计边墙型扩展覆盖喷头时,应以其所需要最低工作压力来选择配水支管管径。4、 边墙型扩展覆盖喷头溅水盘与顶板的距离应符合下边的规定:边墙型喷头型式溅水盘与顶板的距离
16、mm溅水盘与背墙面的距离 mm直立型100150 50100水平式 150300 可小于100当然,边墙型喷头由于安装在墙面,热气流在楼板底需积累到相当程度后,才能触及该喷头,因此其动作滞后于直立型和下垂型喷头,规范对此作了必要的限制,规定只有“顶板为水平面的轻危险级,中危险级居室办公室可采用边墙型喷头”。设计人员不能盲目采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头,加大喷头的保
17、护范围,影响喷头的受热和灭火效果。综上所述,笔者认为:在遵循喷规7.1.13条下,设计人员在高层旅馆客房的设计上可采用边墙型扩展覆盖喷头,既有利于室内装修,又可保证灭火效果。参考文献: 1、中华人民共和国国家标准.自动喷水灭火系统设计规范(GB500842001).北京:中国计划出版社,2001 2、黄晓家,姜文源.自动喷水灭火系统设计手册. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002 3、美国NFPA13(1996 edition)/Porganization system and working mode, the selection of a nu
18、mber of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published and League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the citys orga
19、nizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the groups leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the leagues leadersh
20、ip at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly unde
21、r the group (workers) appointed to carry out the Five team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively join
22、tly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth Le
23、ague talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of impor
24、tant issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the mission municipal CYL Cadres training project impleme
25、ntation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third se
26、ssion of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train
27、 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules
28、 and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experien
29、ce and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central miss
30、ion in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan . To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection,
31、 training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, fur
32、ther curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt arrangement menu course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training te
33、am, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and acti
34、vely explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication t
35、o the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of XX editing of young talent , the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal
36、 Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the y
37、oung talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the citys young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent informa
38、tion network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporti
39、ng system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen
40、the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information
41、.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of Three Represents as guidance, study and implement the partys sixteen and t
42、he spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the citys cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent m
43、ission spirit, closely around 11th Five-Year XX the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasp
44、ing construction innovation, further improve the groups propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the 11th Five-Year planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contr
45、ibutions.One, adhere to the Three Represents important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thou
46、ght of Three Represents armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of Three Represents with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment
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