英汉翻译3减词切分合并.ppt
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1、Chapter 2 Translation Techniques,2.4 Omission (减译),Omission is to cut off the unnecessary words, or words groups which are necessary in the source language but redundant in the target language in the process of translating so as to make the translated version more readable.减词是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减
2、省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘噜嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。减词一般用于以下两种情况:一是从语法角度进行减省;二是从修饰角度进行减省。 1. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. 我靠触摸脸庞来辨认朋友。,omission,2. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 这些发展中国家土地辽阔、人口众多、资源丰富。(原文中的动词 co
3、ver, encompass 和 abound in 如一一译出,则显得 噜嗦 ,采用省略译法则使译文简明畅达。) 3. 调查以问卷和访谈方式进行。 Questionnaires and interviews were used in our investigation.,omission,4. You cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you dont know how to make a design or how to read it. 不会制图或看不懂图纸,就不可能造船、架桥或盖房子。 5. 我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。 W
4、e must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 6. These uses are based on the fact that silicon is semi-conductor of electricity. 这些用途就是根据硅是半导体这一事实。,omission,7. If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 得寸进尺。 8. 中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。 The people of China have always been courageous
5、 enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution. 9. 我们必须杜绝工作中的浪费现象。 We must put an end to waste in our work.,omission,10. 他从小就认真读书,刻苦学习。 He worked hard at his studies since his early childhood. 11. 台湾海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞,手足兄弟。 The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait are of t
6、he same flesh and blood. 12. 如果你觉得合适就干,不合适就不干,你自个儿看着办吧。 Go ahead if you think the job suits you and dont if not. Its all up to you to decide. 13. Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water. 冰是固体,如果加热,就融化成水。,omission,14. There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass
7、 was dead. 天未下雪,但叶落草枯。 15. Its better to do well than to say well. 说得好不如做得好 (省略形式主语),16. She said, with perfect truth, that “it must be delighted to have a brother”, and easily got the pity of tender-hearted Amelia, for being alone in the world, an orphan without friends or kindred. (Vanity Fair) 她说
8、道,”有个哥哥该多好”。这话说得入情入理。她既没爹没娘,又没亲没友,真是孤苦伶仃。软心肠的阿米丽亚听了,立刻觉得她可怜。(省略介词,形式主语和连接词),omission,17. A good thing is known only within ones family, but a bad thing is known far and wide. 好事不出门,坏事传千里。 18. Anyone who doesnt recognize this fact is not a materialist. 不承认这个事实,就不是唯物主义者。 19. Mr. Bingley was good-looki
9、ng and gentleman like. 槟利先生风度翩翩,彬彬有礼。,omission,20. He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind us. 背后说我们好话的人才是好朋友。 21. It is about 170 million kilometers from the earth to the sun. 地球至太阳大约相距一亿七千万公里。 22. In the country of the blind the one-eyed man is king. 盲人之邦,独眼称王。 23. If you run after two h
10、ares, you will catch neither. 同时追两兔,全都抓不住。 24. When the cat is away, the mice will play. 猫儿不在,鼠儿作怪。,omission,25. I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another
11、 boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound. 我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人,向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的,一直等到下一班船到来,把我带到我要去的港口为止想到这儿,我真有点不好意思了。(这里,如把 “sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky“直译为“睡在他的屋顶下、吃他的食物、喝他的威士忌“,会使语言极为繁冗,不够精练。译文采用减省译法处理原文,既准确地传达了原意,又使行文简洁,气韵十足,一气呵成。),omission,26. Winter is
12、 the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the braches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节,虽然树叶落了,树枝光了,但树木本身却是美丽的。 27. When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the nort
13、h. 东方不亮西方亮,黑了南方有北方。 28.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers 史书上最经常出现、最为显赫的人物,大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和军事家。 (省略连词、介词、冠词和关系代词),omission,省略法基本上是出于译文语言习惯和语法的需要,不省去这些词语,译文就显得拖沓,甚至会出现画蛇添足的结果. 省略法要求译者对译文有驾轻就熟的运用能力.,2.5 Combina
14、tion,Combination is to put several different parts of a discourse which are connected logically into one unified word/phrase/sentence in translation so as to make the translated version more readable and concise in the target language system. 1. He was shocked. Never before had anyone come alone, on
15、 foot, to his fathers cabin. 他大为震惊,因为过去从来没有人孤身步行去过他父亲的小木屋.,Reasons for combination:,a. The sharp different information amount contained in one sentence between English and Chinese Language. Generally speaking, English sentences are much longer and more complicated than Chinese sentences, which impli
16、es that an English sentence can transfer more information than a Chinese one. Thereby, its necessary and possible for a translator to render the meaning conveyed by several Chinese sentences into one English sentence in C-E translation. Similarly, in rendering some colloquial English sentences which
17、 are short and linked logically with each other, translators can also translate the whole meaning into one Chinese sentence.,b. The second reason is the different language habits between Chinese and English on basis of which a sentence in the original language can be condensed as a part of sentence
18、which usually functions as an adverbial attributive or appositive.,combination,2. Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day. 幸福犹如甘露,要天天采集才能日日享用。 3. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. 她很有才智、雄心勃勃、工作努力,还善于解决问题。,4. There was no
19、 snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead. 天未下雪,但叶落草枯。 5. That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the moon by space-shuttle. 那天总统会见了她父亲, 因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去月球. 6. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降
20、临时,一声爆炸震动了大地,可并没有动摇他上前线的决心.,combination,7. She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫. 8. It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end. 1945年4月,第二次世界大战已经接近尾声. 9. Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the second world war.
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