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1、microscopicmess15阅读理解:第二十九篇 Ill Be Bach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach1 (1685-1750)
2、 and the Bach-like compositions from Copes computer. It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so be wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cop
3、e do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers1 brains work like big databases. First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope,only the
4、 great composers axe able to create the database accurately,remember it,and form new musical patterns firom it. Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. 1 he software analyzed the data: it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It the
5、n combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good,but it was a start. Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyze more complex music. He also added ma
6、ny other composers, including his own work,to the database. A few years later,Copes computer program,called “Emmy”,was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computers musical ideas and used the ones that he l
7、iked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Fallingttind it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work. Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope stil
8、l gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesnt like of her music,but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!习: 1. The music composed by David cope is about A classical music. B pop music.C drama. D country music.2. By developing a computer software,David Cope aimedA to be like
9、 Bach. B to study Bach.C to write an opera. D to create a musical database3. What did Cope realize about a great composersbrain?A It forms new musical patterns all by itself. B It writes a computer program.C It can recognize any music patterns. D It creates an accurate database.4. Who is Emmy? A a d
10、atabase B a computer softwareC a composer who helped David D an opera5. We can infer from the passage that A David Cope is a computer programmer. B David Cope loves music. C Bachs music helped him a lot. D Emmy did much more work than a composer. 答案与题解: 1. A第一段的第一句:David Cope发明了一个可以编写出古典音乐的电脑软件。2. C
11、从第二段的第一句可以看出,David编写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B和D都属于创作歌剧的一部分。 3. D第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通过对数据进行淮确的构建、记忆而后创作出新的音乐形式。 4. B从第五段第一句可知Emmy是一计笄机软件。 5. D从本文第一句可知David是一个作曲家,不是计算机程序员,所以排除A;B、C内容没有提及;从本文的第五段和第六段可知,Emmy大大提高了 David的创作速度。我也能成为巴赫作曲家大卫科普发明了一个电脑软件,它能编写出古典音乐的原创作品。科普花了 30年才 完成这个软件,现在,科普的电脑写出的作品与德国著名作曲
12、家J.S.巴赫写的作品很相似,很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。这一切始于1980年的美国,那时科普正在写一部戏剧,但是他无法创作出新的旋律.于楚他 编写了一个电脑软件来帮他编曲。最开始的时候,软件写出的乐曲并不动听。科普是怎么做的呢? 他幵始重新考虑人们作曲的方式。他认识到作曲家的大脑就像一个大数据库,他们先是吸收他们 听过的所有音乐,然后去除他们不喜欢的,最后再根据留下的音乐来创作出新的旋律。科普认为, 只有伟大的作曲家才能建立好的数据库,并且能熟记于心,从而创造出新的音乐。科普根据现有的音乐建立了庞大的数据库,最开始的时候,数据库包含了几百部巴赫的作品。 科普的软件将这些数据进行分析:首先它将
13、音乐拆解成小的片段,从中找出固定模式,然后将片 段组合成新的模式。不久,这个软件就能够写出和巴赫风格很像的小曲子。它们并不完美,但这 只是个开始。科普知道,他要做的还有很多一他得写出一整部歌剧。他进一步完普他的软件,不久它就 能够写出更复杂的音乐了。他还在数据库中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品,其中也包括他自己的作品。几年后,科普的软件“艾米”已经能够帮助他创作歌剧了。创作过程餹要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科赘聆听艾米写出的音乐片段,从中选取他认为好的。有了艾米的帮助,科蓊只用了两个 星期就完成了这部歌剧,叫做摇篮坠落。演出获得巨大成功,科普也得到了他有生以来最高 的评价,但是没有人知道他究竟是怎样
14、创作出这部歌剧的。从那以后,艾米已经写了上千部作品。科普现在依然会给艾米反馈,吿诉她自己哪些音乐是 他喜欢的,哪些是不喜欢的,但是现在大部分艰巨的工作是由艾米来完成的!第十九篇The Family The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most
15、 common form in North America was the nuclear family,consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in
16、emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America,the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial s
17、ocieties,such as NorthAmerica,and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits,who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans,the hunt for jobs and improve
18、d social status also requires mobility. The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time,the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents,mother and father,brothers and sisters,uncles,aunts,and cousins.
19、 In North America today,there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced,separated,or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family,not just in North America, but thr
20、oughout the world,continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.词汇:nuclear /nju:kh/ adj. 原子核的,中心的 harsh /ha:?/ n. 严酷的emergency /Im?:d?nsI/ n. 紧急状况 agranan / ?gre?rl?n/ adj. 土地的,耕地的注释: 1. lt must be prepared to fend for itself. 它必须能够照料自己。2. In North America,the elderly often do not live wit
21、h the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在北美洲,老人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。3. In harsh conditions,mobility allows the family to hunt for food. :在恶劣的条件下,流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。练习: 1. Another good title for this passage would be_.A) What Makes a Family?B) The Life of the Inuits.C) Liv
22、ing with Hardship.D) The Failure of theNuclear Family.2. A nuclear family is defined as_.A) a married couple with their minor childrenB) a single father with,minor childrenC) parents,grandparents,and childrenD) parents,children,and aunts and uncles3. The information in this passage would most likely
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