肿瘤tumor上海第九人民医院外科顾岩ppt课件.ppt
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1、肿 瘤(tumor),上海第九人民医院外科 顾岩,What is tumor,Tumor: Neoplasm caused by the cell proliferation and abnormal differentiation under different initiating and promoting factors, the formation of the neoplasm is not regulated by our normal regulatory mechanism and will not stopped with the elimination of the ca
2、uses of the tumor.,Cell cycle of the tumor,Etiology,External Factors: Chemical agents Physical agents Biological agents Internal Factors: Genetic factors Endocrine factors Immunity factors,Etiology,Chemical agents: Alkylating agent (nitrogen mustard) Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) Amio-azo-co
3、mpound Nitrosamine Mycotoxin and phytotoxin Others ( metal, DDT, etc.),Etiology,Physical agents: Ionizing radiation Ultraviolet radiation Others ( Scare, Chronic ulcer, Asbestos fibers and talcum powder, etc.) Biological agents: Virus, parasite,Etiology,Genetic factors: Oncogene Anti-oncogene Micros
4、atellite instability Mismatch repaire gene Endocrine factors: Estrogen,prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) Immunity factors: Innate and acquired immune deficiency,Prophylaxis,Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention,Classification-biological behaviour,Benign tumor malignant tumor
5、, Boundary tumor malignant tumor Carcinoma Sarcoma Blastoma Others Solid and non-solid tumor,Denomination,Tissue and organ: Pathological source Differentiation,Diffusion of the tumor,Direct spreading Metastasis lymphatic metastasis blood route metastasis Implantation metastasis,临床诊断(Clinical Diagnos
6、is),应包括病变的部位、性质、恶性程度以及分期 症状恶性肿瘤的早期信号: 身体任何部位发现肿块并渐增大 身体任何部位经久不愈的溃疡 中年以上妇女阴道不规则流血或白带增多 进食时胸骨后不适、灼痛、异物感或进行性吞咽困难 久治不愈的干咳会痰中带血 长期消化不良,进行性食欲减退,不明原因的消瘦 大便习惯改变或便血 鼻塞鼻衄 黑痣增大或破溃出血 无痛性血尿,临床诊断(Clinical Diagnosis),局部表现 肿块 (mass) 疼痛 (ache) 溃疡 (ulcer) 出血 (bleeding) 梗阻 (obstruction) 转移症状 (metastasis),临床诊断(Clinical
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