Lesson4f翻译单位.ppt
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1、复习,6. A shy, retiring man known to his Columbia University students as a dull lecturer, he had the brilliance of mind that made him the teacher of his time, respected by presidents and philosophers alike. 他是一个怕羞,性情孤独的人,在他的哥伦比亚大学的学生们看来,他是一个令人乏味的老师。然而他极其聪明,智慧过人,这使他成为当时最杰出的教师,深受各大学校长和学者们的尊敬。 7. This wa
2、s the last place the colonialists would leave, for in it lay riches and natural resources. 这是殖民主义者最不愿意离开的地方,因为那里蕴藏着财富和自然资源。 8. There is a definite link between smoking and heart disease and lung cancer. But this doesnt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. 抽烟和心脏病以及肺癌的确有联系。但这并不能
3、使人们感到太大的不舒服,因为和你一样抽烟的人很多。,复习(2),9. I dont teach because teaching is easy for me. 我并不是因为教书容易才教书的。 10. One can scarcely pay too high a price for liberty. 为了自由,人们付出再高的代价也不过分。 11. They plan to publish a work on the effects on international law of the establishment of a new international economic order.
4、他们计划出版一本书,论述建立际经济新秩序对国际法的影响,第三讲 翻译原则,第一节 翻译的标准 严复: “信、达、雅” ,即:忠于原文、译文通顺、文字典雅,或者说,译文准确、顺畅、优美。 傅雷: “以效果而论,翻译应当像临画一样,所求的不在形似而在神似。” 钱锺书: “化境”说,即,把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算得入于“化境”。,泰特勒的翻译标准,英国的泰特勒在论翻译的原则中提出翻译的三原则:译文应完全复写出原作的思想(相当于“信”);译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同(相当于“雅”);译文应和原作同样流畅(相当于“达
5、”)。,翻译初学者的标准,对于翻译初学者而言,可以遵从“忠实与通顺”的基本标准。“忠实”就是正确地理解和表达原文的思想。“通顺”是指译文文字流畅地道。,Loyalty:忠实,1.忠实于原作的思想内容:不得篡改、歪曲、遗漏或删减。 思想内容指:作品所叙述的事实、说明的事理、描写的景物,叙述说明或描写过程中的立场、思想感情 2.忠实于原作的风格:时代风格、民族风格、语体风格、以及作者个人的语言风格。,Smoothness:通顺,1. 译文语言必须通顺易懂,合乎规范。使用明白晓畅的现代语言,不可逐词逐句地硬译。 2. 老舍:既象汉文,又象洋文,既象语言,又象念咒。 3. 傅雷:理想的译文仿佛是原作者
6、的中文写作。 4. 译文的通顺度还要注意与原文的通顺度相一致。 e.g.The commuter dies with tremendous mileage to his credit(E.B. White: The Three New York) 上班族的人死去时有跨越千山万水的辉煌纪录 上班族一生有着惊人的行程,名家译例(一),1. We say of a rich man that he is worth a great deal, and of a poor man that he is of very little money. 富者以其金多,贫者为其钱少。(.严复p11) 2. Bi
7、ll had scarcely ceased growling(咆哮) before we heard a quick step upon the porch, the trailing of a wet skirt. 余八的气话还没有说完,我们就听见了门口有很快的脚步声响,还夹杂着湿裙子拖在门阶上的声音。(胡适 p33) 3. 群臣进谏,门庭若市。 The king was deluged with a torrent of advice, and the court was crowded with people. (林语堂 p62),名家译例(二),4. Sometimes am I k
8、ing; Then treason makes me wish myself a beggar, And so I am. 有时候我是国王;叛逆的奸谋势我希望我是一个乞丐,于是我就变成了乞丐。(朱生豪p77) 5. Why does a painting seem better in a mirror than outside it? 镜中所映图画,似较镜外所见为佳,何以故?(钱锺书p107-108) 6. These two eminent men, in one letter after another, wept crocodile tears with obvious relish.
9、这两位闲者,一封又一封的信,显然是津津有味地流了多少假眼泪。(傅雷p121) 7. When false is taken for true, true becomes false; If non-being turns into being, being becomes non-being. 假作真时真亦假,无为有处有还无。 (杨宪益 p134),名家译例(三),8. 假作真时真亦假,无为有处有还无。 Truth becomes fiction when the fictions true; Real becomes not-real where the unreals real.(大卫霍克
10、斯David Hawkes p297) 9. Just look at you. Theres not one of you can look me in the face! Its no good you pretending not to hear, either. Ive worked my fingers to the bone to bring you two up, both of you. 你们想,你们哪一个对得起我?你们不要不愿意听,你们哪一个不是我辛辛苦苦养大的? (王佐良p237),Major Translation Terms,1. Literal translation
11、 2. Liberal translation 3. Loyalty 4. smoothness 5. Equivalence 6. Foreignizing 7. Demoscating,Literal/Direct Translation 直译 Liberal /Free Translation 意译,Also called word-for-word translation, looser renditions that replace individual SL words with individual TL words wherever possible, and cling as
12、 closely as possible to the SL word order in the TL. (word-for-word) free translation is generally more “TL-oriented” than literal translation. It reproduces the matter without the manner and the content, and the form of the original (sense-for-sense),Literal & Liberal,e.g. Have not many of us, in t
13、he weary way of life, felt in some hours, how far easier it were to die than to live? (Uncle Tom Cabin) 张培均: 我们中间有许多人,在人生厌倦的道路上,不是有时候会感觉到,一死了之远比生活下去容易得多吗? 黄继忠:我们有许多人在令人厌倦的人生旅途中,不是有时候感到生不如死吗?,Extremes,死译: How are you ? 怎么是你? How old are you? 怎么老是你? Or: (乱译) 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文,可以不分析原文结构,只看词面意义,自己编造句
14、子,势必造成“乱译”。如: It is easy to compress a gas,it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape,but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in. 气体是很容易压缩,这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状,但又不同于液体,气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想(不正确选择词义、任意转换成
15、分)造成。在这里,将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通,因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”,两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。,Exercises: Improve the following translation:,The earth acts like a big magnet地球做用着像一块大磁铁。(死译) Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。(死译) “地球作用像一块大磁铁。” “锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。”,Exercises: I
16、mprove,1. Its a Smoke Free Area. 直译:这是个自由吸烟区。 意译:这是个无烟区。 2. Shakespeare put his hometown on the map. 直译:莎士比亚把他的家乡放在了地图上。 意译:莎士比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。,Improve,3. He got into trouble when he paid his bills with rubber checks. 直译:他用橡皮支票付账,并给自己带来了麻烦。 意译:他用空头支票结账,并给自己带来了麻烦。 4. Frank ran circles around the other boy
17、s on the basketball team. 直译:弗兰克绕着篮球队的其他男孩转圈。 意译:在篮球队里弗兰克的技术最好。 5. On a rainy day the children sometimes ran their mother ragged. 直译:在雨天,孩子们有时侯使他们的母亲跑得衣衫褴缕。 意译:在雨天,孩子们有时侯把他们的母亲闹得筋疲力尽。 6. When he teased her, she taught him a lesson by breaking his leg. 直译:他戏弄她的时候,她打断了他的腿,给他上了一课。 意译:他戏弄她的时候,她打断了他的腿,教训
18、了他一顿。 7. Where does Susan come into the picture? 直译:苏珊是从哪里来到照片里的? 意译:在这件事中,苏珊扮演了一个什么样的角色?,Exercises:,8. When I asked Henry if he would come to my birthday party, he replied that he would be there with bells on. 直译:我问亨利是否来参加我的生日聚会,他说他会摇着铃铛来。 意译:我问亨利是否来参加我的生日聚会,他说他很荣幸参加我的生日聚会。 9. The book about the da
19、rk side of the country fluttered the dovecotes. 直译:这本揭露国家阴暗面的书扰乱了鸽舍。 意译:这本揭露国家阴暗面的书引起了轩然大波。 10.It is an international agreement that no government should take hijackers under its wing. 直译:根据国际协定,任何政府都不能把劫机者放在翅膀底下。 意译:根据国际协定,任何政府都不能包庇劫机者。,Domesticating: 归化 Foreignizing: 异化,异化和归化可视为直译和意译的延伸; 直译和意译:语言层
20、面处理形式和意义; 归化和异化:突破语言因素的局限,将视野扩展到语言、文化和美学的因素。 Venuti: 归化:采取民族中心主义的态度,使外语文本符合译入语文化; 异化:对这些文化价值观的一种民族偏离主义的压力,接受外语文本的语言和文化差异,把读者带入外国情景。 Kill two birds with one stone:一石二鸟/一箭双雕 All roads lead to Rome: 条条大路通罗马/殊途同归,归化和异化,归化在20世纪长期占主导地位:严复、林纾、朱生豪、张谷若、傅东华、杨必等 异化:鲁迅、董秋斯、卞之琳等 刘英凯:归化抹杀了原作的民族特点,将异国情调同化于归宿语言,必然是
21、对原文的歪曲; Venuti:英美文化长期被归化理论所统治,提倡“流畅的”翻译,实际是不尊重原语文化的“文化帝国主义”,e.g.,Unless youve an ace up your sleeve, we are dished. 除非你有锦囊妙计,否则我们是输定了。 除非你袖中藏有王牌, Shed crocodile tears Bottleneck Be armed to the teeth 异化丰富了我们的语言,保留了异域风味,不可盲目异化,译语文化的限度;读者接受能力的限度。 E.g. Consequently Mr. Micawber was soon so overcome, th
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