南京农业大学生物化学课件.ppt
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1、第 4 节 核酸与基因 Concept of Nucleic acid and the Gene 一 基因的概念 早期的基因概念 经典的基因概念 基因概念的演变与发展 基因的分子结构 基因概念的多样性 融合遗传理论 (Blending inheritane) 母本体液 父本体液 子代具有父,母双亲的性状 + 获得的性状是由环境影响 (非遗传物质的改变) 新性状一旦获得, 便能遗传给后代 L.B.Lamarck 获得性遗传理论(Inheritance of acquired characters) 物种 加强和完善对环境的适应 逐渐转变为新种 泛生论假说 (Hypothesis of the P
2、angenesis) C. Darwin 1868 种质论(Theory of germplasm) Germeplasm Somatoplasm Root, Stem, Leaf A.Weismann 1883. Somatoplasm Germplasm Germplasm 孟德尔 (1823-1884)“遗传学之父” 阐述了遗传学的分离和自由组合两大定 律,以及“基因”的概念。 Mendels Paper in English Experiments in Plant Hybridization (1865) by Gregor Mendel Read at the meetings o
3、f February 8th, and March 8th, 1865 1 Introductory Remarks Experience of artificial fertilization, such as is effected with ornamental plants in order to obtain new variations in color, has led to the experiments which will here be discussed. The striking regularity with which the same hybrid forms
4、always reappeared whenever fertilization took place between the same species induced further experiments to be undertaken, the object of which was to follow up the developments of the hybrids in their progeny. 遗传因子假说 (Hypothesis of the inherited factor) G. J. Mendel 1866. 生物性状由遗传因子控制 亲代传给子代的是遗传因子(A,
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