TheFeminineConsciousnessinTheYellowWallpaperandTheStoryofanHour英语毕业.doc
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1、The Feminine Consciousness in The Yellow Wallpaper and The Story of an Hour ByWang LiSupervisor: Wang JingminA ThesisSubmitted in PartialFulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Bachelor Degree of Arts in theCollege of Arts, Hebei University of EngineeringJune, 2015摘要凯特肖邦和夏洛特伯金斯吉尔曼是19世纪女性主义文学创作的先驱。本文以
2、她们各自的代表作一个小时的故事和黄墙纸为例,分析作者的女性主义追求。在人物设计上,两篇小说的主人公同在父权制和婚姻的束缚下失去自由;在故事情节上,场景都设置在房间中,主人公于屋内不拘形迹,于屋外克己复礼;在写作手法上,两篇小说都别具匠心地综合运用反衬、烘托、象征等多种艺术手法。本文通过对作品的创作背景、主要内容、主题思想、表达技巧以及社会意义的综合分析,从女性主义思想与文学表达方式两个层面阐述了19世纪女性的困境与自我救赎。关键词:女性意识;黄强纸;一个小时的故事 AbstractKate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the pioneers of
3、 feminist literature, both instilled the pursuit of feminism in their works. This thesis tends to discuss the masterpieces: The Story of an Hour and The Yellow Wallpaper. In the two short stories, both of the heroines are suffering from such agony under patriarchy and matrimony that they have lost t
4、heir freedom. It is in a room that the plots are arranged. Staying inside, the heroines can enjoy a world of their own; outside the room, however, they are in sharp contrast to the traditional “Victorian” women. Besides, both of the writers have shown unique ingenuity on writing techniques, such as
5、contrast, decoration, and symbolism. This thesis is meant to state the subordination and self-redemption of the females in the 19th century and expound the artistic techniques applied to illustrate the theme. Key Words: Feminism; The Yellow Wallpaper; The Story of an HourContentsIntroduction1Chapter
6、 I The Background and Narrative Strategy of Feminist Literature31.1 The Male Discourse and the Yoke of Matrimony31.2 The Narrative Strategy of the Selected-pieces4Chapter II The Dilemma of Heroine and the Relevant Artistic Expression82.1 The Oppressed “Mrs. Mallard” and “the Madwoman”82.2 The Artist
7、ic Expression Adopted in the Description of Oppression11Chapter III The Resistance and Compromise to Patriarchy 163.1 The Awakening of the Self-consciousness of Heroines163.2 The Cost of Self-awakening173.3 The Social Meaning of Feminist Literary Creation17Conclusion19References20Acknowledgements21河
8、北工程大学学士论文1IntroductionKate Chopin (1851-1904) is particularly interested in works dealing with womens position. Under the control of patriarchy, American society could not endure the independence and liberty of women. “Woman question”, such as condition, matrimony and profession, has been measured b
9、y Chopin. In At Fault, her first novel, she comes to the conclusion that no one should submissively leave the fate to the exacting and ignorant rule of what he termed moral conventionalities. The masterpiece The Story of an Hour is classical feminist literary creation. Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860
10、-1935), an outstanding American feminist writer, was born in Connecticut. Many a social reformer, who gained considerable fame in Gilmans Beecher family, inspired her to contribute to the equal feminine right. The Yellow Wallpaper was created according to her bitter encounter, as mentioned in the sh
11、ort novel: she was within an inch of madness under the oppression. The work is written to satirize the patriarchy and matrimony.The Story of an Hour and The Yellow Wallpaper were two representative short stories at the end of the 19th century. The feminist trend is vividly reflected to search for th
12、e identity and female inner strength. The Story of an Hour tells us that the love that deprives the women of liberty is no more than the death. With the same theme, The Yellow Wallpaper expresses the ignorance of womens distinctive feeling and emotional appealing under the loving manner of men. The
13、authority of males makes it difficult for females to liberate from the constraints and oppression. Short as the stories are in length, they provoke the readers further consideration.Actually, many scholars have already made a great deal of exploration about the two masterpieces. However, most of the
14、m focus on the feminist thought. In this situation, this thesis tends to discuss the masterpieces from their common ground. The main content involves literary creation background, main content, theme, and writing techniques, so as to give readers a comprehensive view of feminism. In this term, the r
15、eaders can further understand the two short stories from the relationship between the theme and its literary expression.The thesis consists of three chapters. All chapters and their content are progressive. Chapter One gives a short introduction to the creation background and the narrative strategy
16、of the masterpieces. The prevailing social value limits the narrative mode, but the authors ingeniously choose different narrative strategies to make the feminism prominent. Chapter Two comes to the dilemma of heroines and the specific expression by analyzing the writing techniques. On one hand, the
17、 dilemma of feminine foreshadows the awakening of feminine consciousness; on the other hand, the skillful use of expression techniques makes the dilemma of heroines vividly shown. In Chapter Three, we conduct the womans self-redemption under unequal subordination and analyze the cost of self-awakeni
18、ng to highlight and sublimate the theme of the thesis. Chapter IThe Background and Narrative Strategy of Feminist LiteratureIn the 19th century, the authority of the patriarchy dominates America and the traditional moral code of “True women” was recommended. The common central creed is to imprison t
19、he women to actas daughter, wife and mother, the roles designed by society. It is intangible chains hindering the individual liberation of women. Feminism concentrates on the gender difference to explore the possible equivalence. With the advancement of feminism, the relevant literary creation emerg
20、es at the right moment. The feminism consciousness is reflected in two aspects: one is the literary criticism in the pure sense. The feminist trend is presented in the text content. The other is the literary creation itself. Female writing is regarded as a kind of subversive and resistant power.1.1
21、The Male Discourse and the Yoke of MatrimonyThe cultural disfigurements such as the male discourse, gender stereotype and gender bias were prevailing in the 19th century. The dominant patriarchy culture is typical evidence. Patriarchy culture is a kind of tendering culture with the representative ch
22、aracteristic of male chauvinism believing that men are superior to women. In the gender relations, males value is dominant; meanwhile, females are subordinative (Zhu Li 2011). This is a systematic, structured and inequitable institution where females are the accessories for males. With its historica
23、l origin and realistic condition, patriarchy as a kind of mighty culture makes it difficult for women to realize the social value. Consequently, it contributes to the resistance of women.In marital relations, the wife is defined as a character that stays at home to take care of family and housework.
24、 “Wealth, power, social distinction, fame, not only these, but home and happiness, reputation, ease and pleasure, her bread and butter, all, must come to her through a small gold ring” (qtd. in Hu 27). The traditional women leech on to men who in turn restrict the movement and actions of them. In th
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