《基础英语》PPT课件.ppt
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1、Writing Devices,In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt. :一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿 代替 美政府 或用 剑 代替 军事力量,It will l
2、ecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23),Mr. Houghton,More examples,To be continued on the next page.,girls,Writing Devices,Democracy favors the vote rather than the bullet. (Vote=election, bullet=military solutions) “Political power gro
3、ws out of the barrel of a gun.” (Mao Zedong refers it to the military revolution) Bill Gates is the king of operating systems worldwide. (Bill Gates = Microsoft) The pen is mightier than the sword. (pen = writer; sword = fighter),Comparison,synecdoche,To be continued on the next page.,Writing Device
4、s,To be continued on the next page.,Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23) Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. (P
5、ara. 20),Writing Devices,To be continued on the next page.,You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, usele
6、ss for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19),Writing Devices,To be continued on the next page.,They all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (Para. 31) Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. (Para. 24),Writing Devices,He seems to me ruled n
7、ot by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20) It took the swimmer some distance from the shore and left him there, out of his depth. (Para. 29),The end of Writing Devices.,Grade- 3 thinkers Majority Self-contradiction Stampede, jump on the bandwagon Delight in the
8、ir solidarity Innocent stupidity,Grade- 2 thinkers Minority the contradictions Lag behind, withdraw from the crowd Delight in laughing at others Destruction without construction,What kind of follies and contradictions did the author detect? Para. 25,The price for being a grade-2 thinker,It “could be
9、 costly as well as fun”. It “did not make for content”. It “satisfies the young ego but does not make for personal security” It “took the swimmer out of his depth”. It asks “what is truth?” and stops there.,What might be grade-one thinking like?,Comprehension Qs,system,moral,living,logical,unconvent
10、ional,Summary,Text Analysis,Grade-three,Grade-two,Grade-one,characteristics,examples,Ignorance, hypocrisy, prejudice, self-satisfied, contradictions,Mr. Houghton, nine tens of people,Detecting contradictions; do not stampede easily; lag behind, a withdrawal, destroy but not create,Ruth, the author,
11、(maybe) some acquaintances,To find out what is truth, based on a logical moral system,far and few between, only in books,thinking,The end of General Analysis.,go to 11,I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore
12、 have great power. Now I know that ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.,1 I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process. (Para. 24),The author thinks that it is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.,2,go to 12
13、,A crowd of grade-thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. (Para. 24),All feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudices,Simile: enjoy the p
14、eaceful, safe and harmonious environment,3,go to 13,Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It destroys without having the power to create. (Para. 25),To get easily frightened
15、and run with the crowd,To go to the other extreme, that is to act too slowly and lag behind,Detachment: (冷漠) as from social or emotional involvement; refusing to be part of the crowd.,4,She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the litera
16、l inspiration of Saint Jeromes Vulgate and the two books were different. Argument flagged. (Para. 26),A true historical record,The Latin translation of the Bible, used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized version,to become dull,“Both Methodists and Catholics believed that their Books a
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