(全英文)建筑施工基坑开挖的安全防护ExcavationsPPT.ppt
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1、OSHA Office of Training and Education,1,Excavations,OSHA Office of Training and Education,2,Excavation Hazards,Cave-ins are the greatest risk Other hazards include: Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen Inhalation of toxic materials Fire Moving machinery near the edge of the excavation can cause a coll
2、apse Accidental severing of underground utility lines,OSHA Office of Training and Education,3,Injury and Death,Excavating is one of the most hazardous construction operations Most accidents occur in trenches 5-15 feet deep There is usually no warning before a cave-in,OSHA Office of Training and Educ
3、ation,4,Definitions,Excavation a man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression formed by earth removal. Trench a narrow excavation. The depth is greater than the width, but not wider than 15 feet. Shield - a structure able to withstand a cave-in and protect employees Shoring - a structure that support
4、s the sides of an excavation and protects against cave-ins Sloping - a technique that employs a specific angle of incline on the sides of the excavation. The angle varies based on assessment of impacting site factors.,OSHA Office of Training and Education,5,Focus of Training,The greatest risk at an
5、excavation How to protect employees from cave-ins Factors that pose a hazard to employees working in excavations The role of a competent person at an excavation site,OSHA Office of Training and Education,6,Protection of Employees,Employees should be protected from cave-ins by using an adequately des
6、igned protective system Protective systems must be able to resist all expected loads to the system,OSHA Office of Training and Education,7,Requirements for Protective Systems,A well-designed protective system Correct design of sloping and benching systems Correct design of support systems, shield sy
7、stems, and other protective systems Plus Appropriate handling of materials and equipment Plus Attention to correct installation and removal Equals Protection of employees at excavations,OSHA Office of Training and Education,8,Design of Protective Systems,The employer shall select and construct : slo
8、pes and configurations of sloping and benching systems support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems Shield - can be permanent or portable. Also known as trench box or trench shield. Shoring - such as metal hydraulic, mechanical or timber shoring system that supports the sides Slopin
9、g - form sides of an excavation that are inclined away from the excavation,OSHA Office of Training and Education,9,Protect Employees Exposed to Potential Cave-ins,Slope or bench the sides of the excavation, Support the sides of the excavation, or Place a shield between the side of the excavation and
10、 the work area,OSHA Office of Training and Education,10,Cave-in Hazard,This excavation has inadequate support posts and egress access,Inadequate protective system,OSHA Office of Training and Education,11,Inadequate Protective System,OSHA Office of Training and Education,12,Factors Involved in Design
11、ing a Protective System,Soil classification Depth of cut Water content of soil Changes due to weather and climate Other operations in the vicinity,OSHA Office of Training and Education,13,Shoring,General Provides a framework to work in Uses wales, cross braces and uprights Supports excavation walls
12、OSHA tables provide shoring data Must know soil type Must know depth and width of excavation Must be familiar with the OSHA Tables,OSHA Office of Training and Education,14,Trench Shield,A trench shield was built around this work area,OSHA Office of Training and Education,15,Hydraulic Trench Support,
13、Using hydraulic jacks the operator can easily drop the system into the hole Once in place, hydraulic pressure is increased to keep the forms in place Trench pins are installed in case of hydraulic failure,OSHA Office of Training and Education,16,Materials and Equipment,Equipment used for protective
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